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Chapter 7: Problem 22

Prove mathematically that it is more energetically favorable for a fluorine atom to take an electron from a sodium atom than for a fluorine atom to take an electron from another fluorine atom.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The energy difference for electron transfer from sodium to fluorine is 167.6 kJ/mol, while that for electron transfer from fluorine to another fluorine atom is 1,352.8 kJ/mol. Since the energy difference is lower (more negative) in the case of sodium to fluorine, it is more energetically favorable for a fluorine atom to take an electron from a sodium atom.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate Ionization energy of sodium (

The ionization energy of sodium (Na) is the energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. Sodium has only 1 electron in its outermost shell, which is in the 3s orbital. The ionization energy of sodium is 495.8 kJ/mol.
02

Calculate Ionization energy of fluorine (

The ionization energy of fluorine (F) is the energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. Fluorine has 7 electrons in its outermost shell, which is in the 2p orbital. The ionization energy of fluorine is 1,681 kJ/mol.
03

Calculate Electron affinity of fluorine (

The electron affinity of fluorine (F) is the energy change when an electron is added to its outermost shell to form a negative ion. Fluorine has 7 electrons in its outermost shell, and it can accommodate an extra electron in the 2p orbital to complete its octet. The electron affinity of fluorine is -328.2 kJ/mol. Notice that the electron affinity is negative, which means that energy is released when an electron is added to fluorine.
04

Calculate energy difference for electron transfer from sodium to fluorine (

The energy difference in this case involves the sum of the ionization energy of sodium and the electron affinity of fluorine: Energy difference = Ionization energy of Na + Electron affinity of F = 495.8 kJ/mol + (-328.2 kJ/mol) = 167.6 kJ/mol
05

Calculate energy difference for electron transfer from fluorine to fluorine (

In this case, the energy difference involves the sum of the ionization energy of fluorine and the electron affinity of another fluorine atom: Energy difference = Ionization energy of F + Electron affinity of F = 1,681 kJ/mol + (-328.2 kJ/mol) = 1,352.8 kJ/mol
06

Compare the energy differences (

Now, let's compare the energy differences between the two processes: Energy difference (Na to F) = 167.6 kJ/mol Energy difference (F to F) = 1,352.8 kJ/mol Since the energy difference for electron transfer from sodium to fluorine (167.6 kJ/mol) is lower (more negative) than the energy difference for electron transfer from fluorine to another fluorine atom (1,352.8 kJ/mol), it is more energetically favorable for a fluorine atom to take an electron from a sodium atom.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For each of the following pairs of elements $$(\mathrm{C} \text { and } \mathrm{N}) \quad(\text { Ar and Br })$$ pick the atom with a. more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity. b. higher ionization energy. c. larger size.

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