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The law of definite proportion states that a chemical compound always contains its component elements in a fixed ratio by mass, regardless of how it was formed or the source of the elements. In this case, we're told that the product forms from mixtures of Hâ‚‚ and Clâ‚‚, and the product always has the same properties (and hence the same composition) no matter the relative amounts of Hâ‚‚ and Clâ‚‚ used. This indicates that the resulting product obeys the law of definite proportion, which means that the product always contains hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a specific ratio by mass. #a. Determining the volume of HCl formed# Now let's find the volume of the product (HCl) when a volume of Hâ‚‚ reacts with an equal volume of Clâ‚‚ at the same temperature and pressure. Since both gases are at the same temperature and pressure, we can make use of the chemical equation for the reaction and Avogadro's law. Step 1: Formulate the chemical equation.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and chlorine gas to produce hydrochloric acid is as follows: \[H_2 + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2HCl\] Step 2: Apply Avogadro's law.

Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. Using this law and the stoichiometry from the balanced chemical equation, we can determine the volume of HCl produced when Hâ‚‚ and Clâ‚‚ react. From the balanced equation, we see that one molecule of Hâ‚‚ reacts with one molecule of Clâ‚‚ to produce two molecules of HCl. Since they are at the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes will have the same number of molecules. Therefore, when one volume of Hâ‚‚ reacts with one volume of Clâ‚‚, two volumes of HCl will be produced, as the number of HCl molecules produced is twice the number of Hâ‚‚ or Clâ‚‚ molecules. Thus, the volume of HCl produced will be twice the initial volume of either Hâ‚‚ or Clâ‚‚ used in the reaction. So, the answer to part b is that when a volume of Hâ‚‚ reacts with an equal volume of Clâ‚‚ at the same temperature and pressure, twice the initial volume of either Hâ‚‚ or Clâ‚‚ will be formed as HCl.