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Chapter 2: Problem 16

Which (if any) of the following can be determined by knowing the number of protons in a neutral element? Explain your answer. a. the number of neutrons in the neutral element b. the number of electrons in the neutral element c. the name of the element

Short Answer

Expert verified
Knowing the number of protons in a neutral element allows us to determine (b) the number of electrons, as the number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral element, and (c) the name of the element, since each element has a unique number of protons (atomic number). However, it does not provide information about (a) the number of neutrons, as this can vary between different isotopes of the same element.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding a Neutral Element

A neutral element has no net charge, which means the number of positively charged protons in the nucleus equals the number of negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus. Therefore, knowing the number of protons also tells us the number of electrons in a neutral element. The number of neutrons does not affect the charge of an element and hence cannot be determined by knowing only the number of protons. Lastly, each element has a unique number of protons, typically called the atomic number, which directly corresponds to the name of the element.
02

Evaluating the Options

a. The number of neutrons in the neutral element: The number of neutrons in an element can vary while still maintaining a neutral charge, resulting in different isotopes of the same element. Therefore, knowing the number of protons alone does not allow us to determine the number of neutrons. b. The number of electrons in the neutral element: In a neutral element, the number of protons equals the number of electrons to maintain a net zero charge. Therefore, knowing the number of protons in a neutral element allows us to determine the number of electrons. c. The name of the element: Each element has a unique number of protons (atomic number), which defines the element. Knowing the number of protons, we can refer to the periodic table and determine the name of the element.
03

Conclusion

Only the options (b) and (c) can be determined by knowing the number of protons in a neutral element: the number of electrons and the name of the element.

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