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Chapter 14: Problem 41

For each of the following aqueous reactions, identify the acid, the base, the conjugate base, and the conjugate acid. a. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}+\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) b. \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\) c. \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}+\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\), Base: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), Conjugate acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\), Conjugate base: \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) b. Acid: \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\), Base: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), Conjugate acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\), Conjugate base: \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\) c. Acid: \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\), Base: \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\), Conjugate acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\), Conjugate base: \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the acid

In this reaction, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) donates a hydrogen ion to the water, so it is the acid.
02

Identify the base

In this reaction, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) accepts the hydrogen ion from the acid, so it is the base.
03

Identify the conjugate acid

After accepting a hydrogen ion from the acid, the \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) becomes \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\), so this is the conjugate acid.
04

Identify the conjugate base

After donating its hydrogen ion, the \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) becomes \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\), so this is the conjugate base. b. Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\)
05

Identify the acid

In this reaction, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\) donates a hydrogen ion to the water, so it is the acid.
06

Identify the base

In this reaction, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) accepts the hydrogen ion from the acid, so it is the base.
07

Identify the conjugate acid

After accepting a hydrogen ion from the acid, the \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) becomes \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\), so this is the conjugate acid.
08

Identify the conjugate base

After donating its hydrogen ion, the \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\) becomes \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\), so this is the conjugate base. c. Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}+\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\)
09

Identify the acid

In this reaction, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\) donates a hydrogen ion to \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\), so it is the acid.
10

Identify the base

In this reaction, \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) accepts the hydrogen ion from the acid, so it is the base.
11

Identify the conjugate acid

After accepting a hydrogen ion from the acid, the \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) becomes \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\), so this is the conjugate acid.
12

Identify the conjugate base

After donating its hydrogen ion, the \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\) becomes \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\), so this is the conjugate base.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Codeine \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{21} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)\) is a derivative of morphine that is used as an analgesic, narcotic, or antitussive. It was once commonly used in cough syrups but is now available only by prescription because of its addictive properties. If the pH of a \(1.7 \times 10^{-3}-M\) solution of codeine is 9.59 , calculate \(K_{\mathrm{b}}\) .

Classify each of the following as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or weak base in aqueous solution. a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) b. HNO \(_{3}\) c. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) e. \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) f. \(\mathrm{HF}\) g. \(\mathrm{HC}-\mathrm{OH}\) h. \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) i. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)

Saccharin, a sugar substitute, has the formula \(\mathrm{HC}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{NSO}_{3}\) and is a weak acid with \(K_{\mathrm{a}}=2.0 \times 10^{-12} .\) If 100.0 \(\mathrm{g}\) of saccharin is dissolved in enough water to make 340 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of solution, calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the resulting solution.

A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.56 g benzoic acid \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}, K_{\mathrm{a}}=6.4 \times 10^{-5}\right)\) in enough water to make 1.0 \(\mathrm{L}\) of solution. Calculate \(\left[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\right],\left[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\right],\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]\) \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right],\) and the pH of this solution.

For the reaction of hydrazine \(\left(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right)\) in water, $$ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NNH}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NNH}_{3}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) $$ \(K_{\mathrm{b}}\) is \(3.0 \times 10^{-6} .\) Calculate the concentrations of all species and the pH of a \(2.0-M\) solution of hydrazine in water.
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