Chapter 11: Problem 13
Rubbing alcohol contains 585 g isopropanol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) per liter (aqueous solution). Calculate the molarity.
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Chapter 11: Problem 13
Rubbing alcohol contains 585 g isopropanol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) per liter (aqueous solution). Calculate the molarity.
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Which solvent, water or hexane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\right),\) would you choose to dissolve each of the following? a. \(\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{CS}_{2}\) c. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) d. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{16} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) e. \(\mathrm{HCl}\) f. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\)
a. Calculate the freezing-point depression and osmotic pressure at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) of an aqueous solution containing 1.0 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}\) of a protein (molar mass \(=9.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mol} )\) if the density of the solution is 1.0 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) b. Considering your answer to part a, which colligative property, freezing- point depression or osmotic pressure, would be better used to determine the molar masses of large molecules? Explain.
The lattice energy* of Nal is \(-686 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) , and the enthalpy of hydration is \(-694 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) . Calculate the enthalpy of solution per mole of solid Nal. Describe the process to which this enthalpy change applies.
Specifications for lactated Ringer’s solution, which is used for intravenous (IV) injections, are as follows to reach 100. mL of solution: \(285-315 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{Na}^{+}\) \(14.1-17.3 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{K}^{+}\) \(4.9-6.0 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) \(368-408 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) \(231-261 \mathrm{mg}\) lactate, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{3}^{-}\) a. Specify the amount of \(\mathrm{NaCl}, \mathrm{KCl}, \mathrm{CaCl}_{2} \cdot 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) and \(\mathrm{NaC}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) needed to prepare \(100 . \mathrm{mL}\) lactated Ringer's solution. b. What is the range of the osmotic pressure of the solution at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) given the preceding specifications?
Using the phase diagram for water and Raoult’s law, explain why salt is spread on the roads in winter (even when it is below freezing).
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