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Chapter 1: Problem 30

Give four examples illustrating each of the following terms. a. homogeneous mixture b. heterogeneous mixture c. compound d. element e. physical change f. chemical change

Short Answer

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Examples: a. Homogeneous Mixture: Saltwater, Air, Black Coffee, Brass b. Heterogeneous Mixture: Oil and water, Salad, Sand and water, Chocolate chip cookie c. Compound: Water (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sucrose (C12H22O11) d. Element: Gold (Au), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C) e. Physical Change: Melting of ice, Boiling of water, Crushing a can, Breaking glass f. Chemical Change: Rusting of iron, Burning of wood, Digesting food, Mixing baking soda and vinegar

Step by step solution

01

1. Homogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures that have a uniform composition throughout. The components cannot be visibly distinguished from one another. Example 1: Saltwater Example 2: Air Example 3: Black Coffee Example 4: Brass (alloy of copper and zinc)
02

2. Heterogeneous Mixture

Heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition, and the components can be visibly separated. Example 1: Oil and water Example 2: Salad Example 3: Sand and water mixture Example 4: Chocolate chip cookie
03

3. Compound

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together. Example 1: Water (H2O) Example 2: Carbon dioxide (CO2) Example 3: Sodium chloride (NaCl, table salt) Example 4: Sucrose (C12H22O11, common sugar)
04

4. Element

Elements are pure chemical substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through ordinary chemical reactions. Elements consist of a single type of atom. Example 1: Gold (Au) Example 2: Oxygen (O) Example 3: Hydrogen (H) Example 4: Carbon (C)
05

5. Physical Change

A physical change is a change in a substance's form (state, shape, or size) without changing its chemical composition. Example 1: Melting of ice Example 2: Boiling of water Example 3: Crushing a can Example 4: Breaking glass
06

6. Chemical Change

A chemical change involves a change in a substance's chemical composition, resulting in the formation of new products. Example 1: Rusting of iron Example 2: Burning of wood Example 3: Digesting food Example 4: Mixing baking soda and vinegar

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The properties of a mixture are typically averages of the properties of its components. The properties of a compound may differ dramatically from the properties of the elements that combine to produce the compound. For each process described below, state whether the material being discussed is most likely a mixture or a compound, and state whether the process is a chemical change or a physical change. a. An orange liquid is distilled, resulting in the collection of a yellow liquid and a red solid. b. A colorless, crystalline solid is decomposed, yielding a pale yellow-green gas and a soft, shiny metal. c. A cup of tea becomes sweeter as sugar is added to it.

Perform each of the following conversions. a. 8.43 \(\mathrm{cm}\) to millimeters b. \(2.41 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{cm}\) to meters c. 294.5 \(\mathrm{nm}\) to centimeters d. \(1.445 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{m}\) to kilometers e. 235.3 \(\mathrm{m}\) to millimeters f. 903.3 \(\mathrm{nm}\) to micrometers

a. How many kilograms are in 1 teragram? b. How many nanometers are in \(6.50 \times 10^{2}\) terameters? c. How many kilograms are in 25 femtograms? d. How many liters are in 8.0 cubic decimeters? e. How many microliters are in 1 milliliter? f. How many picograms are in 1 microgram?

Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. a. water b. blood c. the oceans d. iron e. brass f. uranium g. wine h. leather i. table salt Of the pure substances, which are elements and which are compounds?

Many times errors are expressed in terms of percentage. The percent error is the absolute value of the difference of the true value and the experimental value, divided by the true value, and multiplied by 100. Percent error \(=\frac{ | \text { true value }-\text { experimental value } |}{\text { true value }} \times 100\) Calculate the percent error for the following measurements. a. The density of an aluminum block determined in an experiment was 2.64 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) (True value 2.70 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} . )\) b. The experimental determination of iron in iron ore was 16.48\(\% .\) (True value 16.12\(\% . )\) c. A balance measured the mass of a \(1.000-\mathrm{g}\) standard as 0.9981 \(\mathrm{g}\) .
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