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Chapter 3: Problem 1

Translate the following amino acid sequence into one-letter code: Glu-Leu-Val- Ile-Ser-Ile-SerLeu-Ile-Val-Ile-Asn-Gly-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ala-Ser-Val-Glu-GlyAla-Ser.

Short Answer

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ELVISISLIVINGINLASVEGAS

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Problem

The problem requires converting an amino acid sequence from the three-letter format to the one-letter format. Each three-letter amino acid code needs to be translated into its corresponding one-letter abbreviation.
02

Identify the Amino Acids

List out each amino acid from the sequence: Glu, Leu, Val, Ile, Ser, Ile, Ser, Leu, Ile, Val, Ile, Asn, Gly, Ile, Asn, Leu, Ala, Ser, Val, Glu, Gly, Ala, Ser.
03

Translate Three-Letter Codes to One-Letter Codes

Using the amino acid table for one-letter codes: - Glu = E - Leu = L - Val = V - Ile = I - Ser = S - Asn = N - Gly = G - Ala = A Translate the entire sequence: E-L-V-I-S-I-S-L-I-V-I-N-G-I-N-L-A-S-V-E-G-A-S
04

Concatenate the One-Letter Codes

Combine all one-letter codes into a single sequence without hyphens: ELVISISLIVINGINLASVEGAS.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

One-Letter Amino Acid Code
The one-letter amino acid code is a simplified representation of amino acids using a single letter for each. This system makes it easier to depict long amino acid sequences, like proteins, in a concise format. In biochemistry, this shorthand is very practical for writing sequences quickly and avoiding confusion.
  • E represents Glutamic acid (Glu)
  • L represents Leucine (Leu)
  • V represents Valine (Val)
  • I represents Isoleucine (Ile)
  • S represents Serine (Ser)
  • N represents Asparagine (Asn)
  • G represents Glycine (Gly)
  • A represents Alanine (Ala)
Each letter is chosen so that the code is easy to remember and write without misunderstanding the sequence. This is why biochemists often use this code in scientific papers and discussions.
Three-Letter Amino Acid Code
The three-letter amino acid code uses three letters to represent each amino acid. It provides a balance between detail and brevity. This method is particularly useful when a more detailed representation than the one-letter code is needed, but the use of full names would be too lengthy.
  • Glu stands for Glutamic acid
  • Leu stands for Leucine
  • Val stands for Valine
  • Ile stands for Isoleucine
  • Ser stands for Serine
  • Asn stands for Asparagine
  • Gly stands for Glycine
  • Ala stands for Alanine
This method is often used in textbooks and research papers when introducing amino acid sequences, ensuring clarity about which amino acids are being referenced.
Biochemistry Education
Biochemistry education covers the fundamental processes of life at a molecular level, including the study of amino acids and their sequences. Understanding how to translate between one-letter and three-letter codes is a core skill in biochemistry, essential for analyzing proteins and enzymes, conducting research, and communicating scientific findings.
  • Learning these codes helps students understand protein structures and functions.
  • Amino acid sequences reveal how proteins interact within cells and support essential functions like metabolism.
  • Biochemists need to be proficient in both code systems to read and write scientific documents effectively.
In classrooms and labs, educators emphasize memorizing the codes and their applications. This foundational knowledge is critical for any advanced study or career in biochemistry.
Amino Acid Table
An amino acid table is a reference tool used in biochemistry to convert between different representations of amino acids. It includes both the three-letter and one-letter codes, as well as other important details such as the amino acid's full name, chemical properties, and structure.
  • These tables help scientists and students quickly find the corresponding codes.
  • They often include information on amino acid characteristics like polarity and charge, which are essential for understanding protein behavior.
  • Interactive or digital versions of these tables might allow quick searches by any of the code representations or properties.
Using an amino acid table, learners can hone their skills in translating sequences efficiently, aiding both in academic settings and professional biochemical research.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Pyrrolysine (Pyl, O) and selenocysteine (Sec, U) are two uncommon amino acids. Knowing that these amino acids exist, translate the following amino acid sequence into one-letter code: Thr-Trp-Ile-Thr-CysHis-Tyr-Leu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Ile- Glu-Phe-Glu-Arg-Arg-GluThr-Ala-Arg-Glu-Asn-Thr-Tyr-Pyl-Sec-Met-Ala-LeuPhe-Pyl- Tyr.

Which of the following amino acids have \(\mathrm{R}\) groups that have hydrogen-bonding potential? Ala, Gly, Ser, Phe, Glu, Tyr, Ile, and Thr.

For an amino acid such as alanine, the major species in solution at \(\mathrm{pH} 7\) is the zwitterionic form. Assume a \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}\) value of 8 for the amino group and a \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}\) value of 3 for the carboxylic acid. Estimate the ratio of the concentration of the neutral amino acid species (with the carboxylic acid protonated and the amino group neutral) to that of the zwitterionic species at \(\mathrm{pH}\) 7.

Which amino acids have positively charged \(R\) groups at \(\mathrm{pH} 7 ?\)

Glutamic acid has an R group that contains a carboxyl group whose \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=4.1 .\) What fraction of the R group carboxylic acid is protonated at \(\mathrm{pH}=2.1\) and \(\mathrm{pH}=7.1 ?\)
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