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Magazine Chapter 5: Problem 32
Draw the orbital diagram for each of the following: a. carbon b. sulfur c. magnesium d. beryllium
Short Answer
Expert verified
Orbital diagrams: Carbon: 1s: 鈫戔啌, 2s: 鈫戔啌, 2p: 鈫� 鈫� Sulfur: 1s: 鈫戔啌, 2s: 鈫戔啌, 2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌, 3s: 鈫戔啌, 3p: 鈫戔啌 鈫� 鈫� Magnesium: 1s: 鈫戔啌, 2s: 鈫戔啌, 2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌, 3s: 鈫戔啌 Beryllium: 1s: 鈫戔啌, 2s: 鈫戔啌
Step by step solution
01
- Understand Electron Configuration
The first step is to understand the electron configuration of each element. The electron configuration will help in drawing the orbital diagram accurately.
02
- Electron Configuration of Carbon
Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 electrons. The electron configuration is: 1s虏 2s虏 2p虏.
03
- Draw Orbital Diagram for Carbon
The orbital diagram for carbon will be: 1s: 鈫戔啌2s: 鈫戔啌2p: 鈫� 鈫�
04
- Electron Configuration of Sulfur
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16, which means it has 16 electrons. The electron configuration is: 1s虏 2s虏 2p鈦� 3s虏 3p鈦�.
05
- Draw Orbital Diagram for Sulfur
The orbital diagram for sulfur will be: 1s: 鈫戔啌2s: 鈫戔啌2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌3s: 鈫戔啌3p: 鈫戔啌 鈫� 鈫�
06
- Electron Configuration of Magnesium
Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, which means it has 12 electrons. The electron configuration is: 1s虏 2s虏 2p鈦� 3s虏.
07
- Draw Orbital Diagram for Magnesium
The orbital diagram for magnesium will be: 1s: 鈫戔啌2s: 鈫戔啌2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌3s: 鈫戔啌
08
- Electron Configuration of Beryllium
Beryllium has an atomic number of 4, which means it has 4 electrons. The electron configuration is: 1s虏 2s虏.
09
- Draw Orbital Diagram for Beryllium
The orbital diagram for beryllium will be: 1s: 鈫戔啌2s: 鈫戔啌
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
electron configuration
Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in an atom's orbitals. Each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available, following the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule. For example, carbon, with six electrons, is represented as 1s虏 2s虏 2p虏, which means:
- Two electrons in the 1s orbital
- Two electrons in the 2s orbital
- Two electrons in the 2p orbital
atomic number
The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. It is unique to each element and also tells us the number of electrons in a neutral atom. For instance, carbon has an atomic number of 6, meaning it has 6 protons and, in a neutral state, 6 electrons. This key number helps determine the electron configuration and orbital diagram for the element.
electron orbitals
Electron orbitals are regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. These orbitals have different shapes and energy levels, denoted as s, p, d, and f. For example:
- s orbitals are spherical and can hold 2 electrons
- p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and can hold up to 6 electrons
carbon
Carbon has an atomic number of 6, resulting in an electron configuration of 1s虏 2s虏 2p虏. Its orbital diagram features:
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
2p: 鈫� 鈫�
Note that the 2p orbitals are filled following Hund's Rule, where each orbital gets one electron before any gets a pair. Carbon is fundamental to organic chemistry, forming bonds with many elements, including itself.
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
2p: 鈫� 鈫�
Note that the 2p orbitals are filled following Hund's Rule, where each orbital gets one electron before any gets a pair. Carbon is fundamental to organic chemistry, forming bonds with many elements, including itself.
sulfur
Sulfur with an atomic number of 16 has an electron configuration of 1s虏 2s虏 2p鈦� 3s虏 3p鈦�. Its orbital diagram is:
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌
3s: 鈫戔啌
3p: 鈫戔啌 鈫� 鈫�
Sulfur's configuration shows partially filled 3p orbitals. These configurations are important in understanding its chemical properties and reaction with other elements.
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌
3s: 鈫戔啌
3p: 鈫戔啌 鈫� 鈫�
Sulfur's configuration shows partially filled 3p orbitals. These configurations are important in understanding its chemical properties and reaction with other elements.
magnesium
Magnesium's atomic number is 12, and its electron configuration is 1s虏 2s虏 2p鈦� 3s虏. The orbital diagram for magnesium is:
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌
3s: 鈫戔啌
Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal and is highly reactive, especially with water.
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
2p: 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌 鈫戔啌
3s: 鈫戔啌
Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal and is highly reactive, especially with water.
beryllium
Beryllium has an atomic number of 4, with an electron configuration of 1s虏 2s虏. Its orbital diagram looks like this:
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
Beryllium's simple configuration reflects its position early in the periodic table. It is less reactive compared to other group 2 elements, owing to its strong bond formation and higher ionization energy.
1s: 鈫戔啌
2s: 鈫戔啌
Beryllium's simple configuration reflects its position early in the periodic table. It is less reactive compared to other group 2 elements, owing to its strong bond formation and higher ionization energy.
