Problem 43 Draw the condensed structural fo... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 17: Problem 43

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following carboxylic acids: a. butyric acid b. benzoic acid c. 2-chloroethanoic acid d. 3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Short Answer

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a. \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}\); b. \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}\); c. \(\text{ClCH}_2\text{COOH}\); d. \(\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}\)

Step by step solution

Understanding Condensed Structural Formulas

Condensed structural formulas represent molecules in a compact form, showing how atoms are bonded together. For carboxylic acids, we particularly need to know the functional group \(-COOH\) and the rest of the molecule.

Identify the structure of butyric acid

Butyric acid has four carbon atoms with the chemical formula \(\text{C}_3\text{H}_7\text{COOH}\). The condensed structural formula is: \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}\).

Identify the structure of benzoic acid

Benzoic acid has a benzene ring attached to the carboxyl group. The condensed structural formula is: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}\).

Identify the structure of 2-chloroethanoic acid

2-Chloroethanoic acid has two carbon atoms with a chlorine atom on the second carbon. The condensed structural formula is: \(\text{ClCH}_2\text{COOH}\).

Identify the structure of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid

3-Hydroxypropanoic acid has three carbon atoms with a hydroxyl group on the third carbon. The condensed structural formula is: \(\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

carboxylic acids

Carboxylic acids are a type of organic compound that contain a carboxyl group (written as \(-COOH\)). This group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (\(-OH\)). Carboxylic acids are common in many biological systems and are known for their acidic properties.
The acidity comes from the ability of the carboxyl group to donate a proton (\(H^+\)) in a solution.
Some everyday examples include acetic acid (found in vinegar) and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
The general formula for carboxylic acids is \(\text{R-COOH}\), where \(\text{R}\) represents a hydrocarbon group.

Butyric Acid: Found in butter, with a structure of \((\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH})\).
Benzoic Acid: Found in many plants; its formula is \((\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH})\).
2-Chloroethanoic Acid: A compound where a hydrogen in ethanoic acid is replaced with a chlorine; formula \((\text{ClCH}_2\text{COOH})\).
3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid: Features a hydroxyl group on the third carbon; formula \((\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH})\).

chemical formulas

Chemical formulas are a way of representing molecules using symbols for the elements and numbers to show how many atoms of each element are present. There are different types of chemical formulas:

Empirical Formula: Shows the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.
Molecular Formula: Indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Condensed Structural Formula: Gives information about the connectivity between atoms in a more compact form than structural formulas.

For carboxylic acids:

Butyric Acid: \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}\) shows all the carbon and hydrogen bonds briefly, with the carboxyl group at the end.
Benzoic Acid: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}\) indicates a benzene ring with a carboxyl group attached.
2-Chloroethanoic Acid: \(\text{ClCH}_2\text{COOH}\) depicts a chlorine atom replaced in ethanoic acid.
3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid: \(\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}\) shows a hydroxyl group on the third carbon.

organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon-based compounds. These compounds can vary greatly and include everything from small molecules like methane (\(\text{CH}_4\)) to large complex molecules like DNA. Key concepts in organic chemistry include:

Functional Groups: Atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen in hydrocarbons, defining the characteristics and reactions of the compound.
Bonds: Carbon atoms can form single, double, and triple bonds, allowing for a variety of structures (linear, branched, or ring-shaped).
Isomerism: Molecules with the same molecular formula can have different structures, leading to different properties.

In the context of the exercise:

Understanding Butyric Acid helps in appreciating saturated hydrocarbons ending with a carboxyl group.
Benzoic Acid's benzene structure signifies the importance of aromaticity in organic compounds.
2-Chloroethanoic Acid illustrates how substituents (like chlorine) can be added to an organic molecule impacting its reactivity.
3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid exemplifies how additional functional groups (like hydroxyl) modify the properties and behavior of molecules.

91影视

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following carboxylic acids: a. butyric acid b. benzoic acid c. 2-chloroethanoic acid d. 3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding Condensed Structural Formulas

Identify the structure of butyric acid

Identify the structure of benzoic acid

Identify the structure of 2-chloroethanoic acid

Identify the structure of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Key Concepts

carboxylic acids

chemical formulas

organic chemistry

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