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Chapter 9: Q. 9.86 (page 317)

How do temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases in water?(9.3)

Short Answer

Expert verified

As a conclusion, raising the pressure of a gas improves its solubility. When solids are highly viscous, alterations in pressure have no impact on their solubility.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Determine the temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases in water.

02

Introduction

Rises in temperature improve the solubility of solids in water, but reduce the solubility of gases in water because temperature increases produce an increase in the number of stimulated atoms or molecules of gases.

Changes in pressure have essentially no effect on the solubility of solids and liquids. However, gases are highly dependent on the system's pressure. Solutions are formed when gases dissolve in liquids. This dissolution is an equilibrium process with a measurable equilibrium constant.

03

Explanation.

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to its pressure above the liquid. As a result, increasing the pressure of a gas increases its solubility. Because solids are incompressible, variations in pressure have no effect on their solubility.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Select the diagram that represents the solution formed by a solute that is a (9.2)

a. nonelectrolyte

b. weak electrolyte

c. strong electrolyte

In a laboratory experiment, a 10.0-mL sample of NaClsolution is poured into an evaporating dish with a mass of 24.10g. The combined mass of the evaporating dish and NaClsolution is 36.15g. After heating, the evaporating dish and dry NaClhave a combined mass of 25.50g,(9.4)

a. What is the mass percent(m/m)of the NaClsolution?

b. What is the molarity (M) of the NaClsolution?

c. If water is added to 10.0mLof the initial NaClsolution to give a final volume of 60.0mL, what is the molarity of the diluted NaCl solution?

Identify each of the following as characteristic of a solution, colloid, or suspension:

a. a mixture that cannot be separated by a semipermeable membrane

b. a mixture that settles out upon standing

If all the solute is dissolved in diagram 1, how would heating or cooling the solution cause each of the following changes? (9.3)

a. 2to3

b. 2to1

In wine making, aqueous glucose C6H12O6from grapes undergoes fermentation to produce liquid ethanol and carbon dioxide gas. A bottle of vintage port wine has a volume of 750 ml and contains 135ml of ethanol. Ethanol has a density of 0.789g/ml. In 1.5 lb of grapes, there is 26g of glucose.

a. Calculate the volume percent (v/v) of ethanol in the port wine.

b. What is the molarity (M) of ethanol in the port wine?

c. Write a balanced chemical equation for the fermentation reaction of glucose.

d. How many grams of glucose are required to produce one bottle of port wine?

e. How many bottles of port wine can be produced from 1 ton of grapes. (1 ton = 2000lb)
See all solutions

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