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Nucleic acids are organic macromolecules that are present all over the cell. They were first discovered in the nuclei of cells. The nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are found in all known forms of life. Cells generate an identical copy of the DNA molecule by replication, which is a natural process. The strands of the parent DNA molecule separate during replication to allow complementary DNA strands to be synthesised.

One large subunit and one tiny subunit make up a ribosome. Each subunit is made up of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein molecules. Eukaryotes exist in $80s$ribosomes, while prokaryotes exists inlocalid="1653234155205" $70\mathrm{s}$. Ribosomes ($30s$) have one big subunit ($50s$) and one small subunit ($30s$). localid="1653234162544" $30\mathrm{s}$ribosomal subunit has 16 s rRNA molecule and localid="1653234173022" $50\mathrm{s}$ribosomal subunit has localid="1653234176711" $23s$rRNA and localid="1653234180733" $5s$rRNA.