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Chapter 31: Problem 144

Match the following: List I List II 1\. Nucleic acid A I D.N.A. B 2\. Uracil \(\quad\) B Hormones 3\. Thymine C I Polynucleotides D R \(\begin{array}{lll}\text { 4. Double helix structure } & \text { D R.N.A }\end{array}\) The correct matching is 1 2 3 4 (a) \(\mathrm{C}\) D \(\mathrm{A}\) A (b) C A \(\mathrm{A}\) D a \(B\) (c) C t. \(\mathrm{D}\) A (d) \(\mathrm{C}\) \(\mathrm{B}\) D C

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option (c): C D A A.

Step by step solution

01

Analyzing List I

Understand that List I consists of terms related to nucleic acids and other molecular biology concepts. These terms are: 1. Nucleic acid 2. Uracil 3. Thymine 4. Double helix structure.
02

Analyzing List II

List II contains descriptors or categories where each term from List I can belong: A. Proteins B. Hormones C. Polynucleotides D. R.N.A.
03

Matching 'Nucleic acid' from List I

The term 'Nucleic acid' is a macromolecule composed of polynucleotide chains. Therefore, it matches with C, Polynucleotides.
04

Matching 'Uracil' from List I

Uracil is a component found in RNA, not DNA. Therefore, 'Uracil' matches with D, R.N.A.
05

Matching 'Thymine' from List I

Thymine is one of the four bases in DNA, but it is not present in RNA. This matches it with term A, as it is not directly given in List II as an option. However, based on choices, it should be A, Polynucleotides.
06

Matching 'Double helix structure' from List I

The double helix is the well-known structure of DNA, but since DNA is a polynucleotide, this matches with A, Polynucleotides, and D, DNA, commonly known separately in context.
07

Determining the Correct Answer

Reconcile the determined matches with the choices: 1: C 2: D 3: A 4: A This corresponds to option (c): C D A A.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Uracil and RNA
Uracil is one of the four nucleotide bases in RNA, replacing thymine, which appears in DNA. This difference between RNA and DNA is crucial for their differing functionalities. Uracil forms a base pair with adenine during the transcription process.

Its presence in RNA allows it to be more flexible and reactive. RNA doesn't need the same stability as DNA because it is usually transient and single-stranded.

Here are some important points to remember about uracil and RNA:
  • The structure of uracil is simpler compared to thymine, lacking a methyl group.
  • Uracil helps prevent possible errors in the genetic code by staying specific to RNA.
  • It plays a critical role in protein synthesis through processes like transcription and translation.
Understanding the unique role of uracil in RNA provides insight into how genetic information is expressed and utilized within cells.
Thymine and DNA
Thymine is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, paired specifically with adenine. This complementary pairing is crucial for the DNA's stability and function. Unlike uracil, thymine includes a methyl group at its 5-carbon position, which makes it more stable.

The presence of thymine ensures the integrity of the genetic information stored within DNA molecules.

Key aspects of thymine in DNA include:
  • Thymine is paired with adenine through two hydrogen bonds, playing a vital role in the DNA structure's stability.
  • It protects the DNA from being randomly altered by helping maintain the DNA ladder's rigidity.
  • The presence of thymine helps in the accurate replication of DNA.
These features highlight the importance of thymine to the structural and functional integrity of DNA.
Double Helix Structure
The double helix structure is one of the most iconic representations of DNA. Composed of two strands that coil around each other with base pairs joined by hydrogen bonds, it forms the pivotal structure of DNA molecules.

This shape allows for the compact storage of genetic information, as well as its faithful transmission during cell division.

Some characteristics of the double helix structure include:
  • The double helix has major and minor grooves that provide accessibility for proteins that regulate genetic information.
  • The structure is stabilized by a sugar-phosphate backbone linked by covalent bonds, while base pairs bind via hydrogen bonds.
  • This arrangement enables the two strands to separate during replication, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an accurate copy of DNA.
Understanding the double helix structure is essential for comprehending how DNA functions as a hereditary material.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The pyrimidine bases present in DNA are (a) cytosine and adenine (b) cytosine and guanine (c) cytosine and thymine (d) cytosine and uracil

A sequence of how many nucleotides in messenger RNA makes a codon for an amino acid? (a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four

Amylose and cellulose both are liner polymers of glucose. The difference between them is (a) Amylose has \(\beta(1 \longrightarrow 4\) ) linkage and celulose has \(\beta(1 \longrightarrow 6)\) linkage (b) Amylose has \(\alpha(1 \longrightarrow 4)\) linkage and cellulose has \(\alpha(1 \longrightarrow 6)\) linkage (c) Amylose has \(\alpha(1 \longrightarrow 4)\) linkage and cellulose has \(\beta(1 \longrightarrow 4)\) linkage (d) Amylose has \(\beta(1 \longrightarrow 4)\) linkage and cellulose has \(\alpha(1 \longrightarrow 4)\) linkage

Which of the following statements is/are correct (a) The \(\mathrm{C}_{1}\) carbon atom in aldoses and \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\) carbon atom in ketoses around which the configuration of epimers differ are called glycosidic carbon (b) All monosacchorides and disaccharides are reducing sugars. (c) All reducing carbonhydrates undergo mutarotation in aqueous solutions. (d) Glucose and fructose give the same osazone.

Which are incorrect statements? (a) amylose is a component of cellulose (b) starch is a polymer of \(\alpha\) - glucose (c) proteins are compounds of only one type of amino acids (d) in cyclic structure of fructose, there are four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. (a) 1,2 and 4 (b) 1,3 and 4 (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 2,3 and 4
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