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Chapter 28: Problem 76

A fruity smell is produced by the reaction of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) with (a) \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\) (d) none of these

Short Answer

Expert verified
The fruity smell is produced by the reaction of C_{2}H_{5}OH with CH_{3}COOH.

Step by step solution

01

Analyzing the Options

To identify which reaction might produce a fruity smell, we need to consider each option. The characteristic fruity smell is typically due to the formation of esters.
02

Reacting C_{2}H_{5}OH with PCl_{5}

When ethanol (C_{2}H_{5}OH) reacts with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl_{5}), it typically leads to the formation of chloroethane (C_{2}H_{5}Cl) and hydrochloric acid, not an ester, thus not producing a fruity smell.
03

Reacting C_{2}H_{5}OH with CH_{3}COOH

When ethanol reacts with acetic acid (CH_{3}COOH), an esterification reaction occurs, producing ethyl acetate (CH_{3}COOCH_{2}CH_{3}), which is known for its fruity smell. Therefore, this option results in the desired effect.
04

Reacting C_{2}H_{5}OH with CH_{3}COCH_{3}

The reaction of ethanol with acetone (CH_{3}COCH_{3}) typically does not result in the formation of an ester, and thus does not produce a fruity smell. This option is unlikely to produce the desired olfactory effect.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Fruity smell
Have you ever noticed how some substances have a delightful fruity aroma? This is often due to a group of compounds called esters. Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. When these esters vaporize, they release molecules that tickle our olfactory senses, producing pleasant smells reminiscent of fruits.
  • Esters are responsible for the scents of many fruits, adding flavors and fragrances that are often used in perfumes and food products.
  • The "fruity" smell in many synthetic fragrances can also be attributed to esters created in chemical laboratories.
In chemistry, esters are significant not just for their aromatic properties but also for their practical applications in various industries. This fruity smell is a good indicator of ester formation, helping us identify specific reactions in chemistry experiments.
Ethanol
Ethanol, a simple alcohol with the formula \(\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{OH}\), is a versatile organic compound frequently used in chemistry and industry. It appears in many beverages as alcohol, and it's also a significant reagent in various chemical reactions, including esterification.

Ethanol's structure consists of a two-carbon chain, allowing it to effectively interact with other compounds to form new substances.
  • It's used in making medications, sanitizers, and as a biofuel.
  • In esterification, ethanol reacts with carboxylic acids to produce esters, often emitting a pleasant fruity smell.
Due to its role as both an alcohol and a solvent, ethanol is heavily utilized in scientific and commercial contexts, making it an important compound to understand.
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, with the chemical formula \( \text{CH}_{3}\text{COOH} \), is a widely known carboxylic acid. It鈥檚 the component that gives vinegar its distinct sour smell and taste. Acetic acid is not only important in cooking but also as a crucial reactant in chemical processes like esterification.
  • In esterification, acetic acid reacts with alcohols, such as ethanol, to form esters, which often possess fruity scents.
  • It's industrially relevant for producing polymers, as well as in the synthesis of various chemicals.
Acetic acid鈥檚 role in making ethyl acetate showcases its utility beyond just simple culinary uses. Understanding its functions in chemistry allows us to see its broader applications in industry and production.
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate, a colorless liquid with a sweet smell resembling certain fruits, is an ester formed by the reaction of acetic acid and ethanol. Its chemical formula is \( \text{CH}_{3}\text{COOCH}_{2}\text{CH}_{3} \).

This compound is not only known for its distinctive fruity aroma but also for its extensive utility as a solvent.
  • Due to its pleasant smell, it's often used in nail polish removers and glues.
  • Ethyl acetate is also utilized in laboratories and industries for various chemical extractions and as a reaction solvent.
Additionally, due to its volatility, ethyl acetate is valuable in perfumes and as a component that delivers fragrance in lotions and creams. The process of creating ethyl acetate highlights the wonder of chemical synthesis and its connection to our sensory experiences.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the mechanism of Hoffimann reaction, which intermediate rearranges to alkyl isocyanate? (a) nitrene (b) amide (c) nitroso (d) bromamide

Number of phenyl groups present in the product formed when acetophenone is heated with conc. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is

Which of the following on oxidation followed by hydrolysis gives pyruvic acid? (a) acetone cyanohydrin (b) acetaldehyde cyanohydrin (c) formaldehyde cyanohydrin (d) none of these

The most reactive compound towards formation of cyanohydrin on treatment with KCN followed by acidification is (a) p-nitrobenzaldehyde (b) p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (c) benzaldehyde (d) phenylacetaldehyde

In the anion HCOO- the two carbon-oxygen bonds are found to be of equal length. What is the reason for it? (a) electronic orbits of carbon atom are hybridized (b) The \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}\) bond is weaker than the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}\) bond (c) The anion HCOO- has two resonating structures (d) the anion is obtained by removal of a proton from the acid molecule
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