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Chapter 15: Problem 60

Which of the following is not correct? (a) Nitric oxide in solid state exhibits diamagnetic property. (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) is a weak reducing agent compared to \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\) (c) Hydrolysis of \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3}\) gives \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{HOCl}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) is less stable than \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) and (d) are incorrect, but focus on (a) for the exercise.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Option (a)

Nitric oxide (NO) contains an unpaired electron and is known to be a paramagnetic compound. In the solid state, if all molecules pair up in a specific arrangement, it potentially could exhibit diamagnetism; however, this is not the typical behavior for NO. Thus, option (a) is likely incorrect as it asserts that NO is diamagnetic, which is contrary to its common paramagnetic nature.
02

Analyze Option (b)

Ammonia \(\mathrm{NH}_3\) is compared to phosphine \(\mathrm{PH}_3\) regarding reducing power. Ammonia is less reducing compared to phosphine because phosphorus in PH鈧� is less electronegative and has a larger size, making electron donation easier compared to nitrogen in NH鈧�. Therefore, \(\mathrm{NH}_3\) being a weaker reducing agent compared to \(\mathrm{PH}_3\) is a correct statement.
03

Analyze Option (c)

When nitrogen trichloride (NCl鈧�) undergoes hydrolysis, it indeed produces ammonia (NH鈧�) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as products. This chemical reaction aligns with option (c), confirming its correctness.
04

Analyze Option (d)

NH鈧� (ammonia) is more stable than PH鈧� (phosphine) due to the stronger N-H bonds compared to P-H bonds, as nitrogen is more electronegative and forms stronger bonds than phosphorus. Hence, the assertion that NH鈧� is less stable than PH鈧� is incorrect.
05

Conclusion

Options (a) and (d) are incorrect statements based on the stability and magnetic properties discussed. However, the question asks for the option that is *not* correct, and based on analysis, the first option confronted with incorrect information regarding NO's magnetic nature should be considered despite both being erroneous.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide (NO) is a fascinating and versatile molecule in inorganic chemistry. It is a diatomic radical with unpaired electrons that contributes to its unique behavior. This gives it paramagnetic properties, meaning it is attracted to magnetic fields. In its solid state, the molecules can sometimes pair up in a structure leading to observed diamagnetism, yet this is not its typical state. Nitric oxide serves crucial roles in biological systems, acting as a signaling molecule. In industrial contexts, it plays a part in the production of various chemicals, showcasing a broad array of applications.
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic properties stem from the behavior of electrons within a substance, particularly whether they are paired or unpaired.
  • Diamagnetic substances are characterized by all electrons being paired, making them weakly repulsed by magnetic fields.
  • Paramagnetic substances, like nitric oxide in most states, have unpaired electrons and are drawn towards magnetic fields, showing a definitive magnetic response.
Understanding these properties helps in studying compounds within various contexts, from simple laboratory experiments to complex industrial applications.
Phosphine
Phosphine (\(\mathrm{PH}_3\)) is another interesting compound, known for being a gas at room temperature with a distinct odor. It is a phosphorous-centered compound where hydrogen is bound, similar to ammonia but with distinct differences. Unlike \(\mathrm{NH}_3\), phosphine is a stronger reducing agent. This is primarily due to phosphine's larger size and lower electronegativity compared to nitrogen in ammonia, making electron release easier.In nature, phosphine is less common, however, when it appears, it can be used as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions, highlighting its utility in synthetic chemistry.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving the breakdown of a compound due to the reaction with water. It is a crucial process in both organic and inorganic chemistry. For instance, \(\mathrm{NCl}_3\) undergoes hydrolysis to produce ammonia (\(\mathrm{NH}_3\)) and hypochlorous acid (\(\mathrm{HOCl}\)).
  • This reaction is significant because it showcases the responsiveness of nitrogen trihalides to water.
  • The process also highlights how new compounds are generated from existing ones through the addition of water, driving chemical processes in laboratory and natural environments.
Stability Comparison
Stability in chemical terms often refers to how likely a compound is to maintain itself over time without decomposing. When comparing \(\mathrm{NH}_3\) and \(\mathrm{PH}_3\), ammonia is noted to be more stable. This is due to the strong \(\mathrm{N-H}\) bonds formed due to nitrogen's high electronegativity compared to phosphorus, which results in stronger, tighter bonds that resist decomposition. This stability difference explains certain behavior patterns of these molecules, especially in reactions, and why ammonia is more prevalent in nature as a stable substance, while phosphine finds specific niches due to its reactivity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The lightening bolts in the atmosphere cause the formation of (a) \(\mathrm{NO}\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\)

Which of the following statement (s) is /are correct? (a) Ammonia is oxidized to \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) by oxygen at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) in presence of a catalyst platinum (b) Nitric acid on standing slowly turns yellow. (c) Colloidal sulphur is formed when \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) gas is passed through nitric acid solution (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) gas dissolves in water giving a pale blue solution.

vIn which of the following reactions does ammonia act as an oxidizing agent? (a) \(3 \mathrm{NaClO}+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3} \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{NaCl}+\mathrm{N}_{2}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(3 \mathrm{CaOCl}_{2}+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3} \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}+\mathrm{N}_{2}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (c) \(4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}+5 \mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 4 \mathrm{NO}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (d) none of these

The nitrogen oxide(s) that contains(s) \(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{N}\) bond(s) is are [IIT 2009] (a) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\)

The percentage by weight of hydrogen in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) is (a) \(6.5\) (b) \(5.88\) (c) 25 (d) 50
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