/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 69 Which of the following will unde... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 26: Problem 69

Which of the following will undergo aldol condensation? (a) acetaldehyde (b) propanaldehyde (c) benzaldehyde (d) trideuteroacetaldehyde

Short Answer

Expert verified
Acetaldehyde and propanaldehyde can undergo aldol condensation.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Aldol Condensation

Aldol condensation involves the formation of a 尾-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone. It requires a compound with 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍 atoms.
02

Analyze Each Compound

Examine each compound to determine if they have 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍 atoms. - Acetaldehyde (CH鈧僀HO) has 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍s attached to the carbon next to the carbonyl group. - Propanaldehyde (CH鈧僀H鈧侰HO) also has 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍s. - Benzaldehyde (C鈧咹鈧匔HO) does not have any 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍s as the carbonyl is directly attached to the phenyl group. - Trideuteroacetaldehyde (CD鈧僀HO) does not have 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍s but instead has 伪-deuterium atoms.
03

Identify Suitable Candidates for Aldol Condensation

Only compounds with 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍s can undergo aldol condensation. Thus, acetaldehyde and propanaldehyde are suitable candidates because they possess 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍s, whereas benzaldehyde and trideuteroacetaldehyde do not.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍
The concept of 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍 is critical in understanding aldol condensation. An 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍 atom is located on the carbon directly adjacent to a carbonyl group (C=O) in a molecule. This specific position makes these hydrogen atoms essential for certain chemical reactions.
  • The presence of 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍 allows for the formation of an enolate ion in the presence of a base.
  • This enolate ion can then participate in further reaction steps, like aldol condensation.
Without 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍, a molecule cannot undergo this process.
For instance, acetaldehyde and propanaldehyde each have such hydrogens, making them eligible for aldol reactions. In contrast, compounds like benzaldehyde lack these critical atoms, thereby making aldol condensation impossible for them.
尾-hydroxy aldehyde
A 尾-hydroxy aldehyde is an intermediate compound formed during aldol condensation. It involves the reaction of an enolate ion with another carbonyl compound.
  • The enolate ion attacks the carbonyl carbon, forming a new carbon-carbon bond.
  • This results in a molecule where the hydroxyl group (OH) is attached to the 尾-carbon, which is two carbons away from the carbonyl group.
The formation of a 尾-hydroxy aldehyde marks an important step, indicating progress in the aldol reaction.
For example, when two acetaldehyde molecules undergo aldol condensation, the product is a 尾-hydroxy aldehyde. Understanding this intermediate is crucial as it helps predict the dehydration step that follows.
dehydration
Dehydration is a subsequent step that often follows the formation of a 尾-hydroxy aldehyde in an aldol condensation reaction. It involves the removal of a water molecule from the 尾-hydroxy aldehyde.
  • The hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom (often 伪-丑测诲谤辞驳别苍) are removed as water (H鈧侽).
  • This step is facilitated by the neighboring carbonyl group's electrophilic nature.
Dehydration leads to the formation of a double bond between the 伪 and 尾 carbon, converting the molecule into an enone.
This step increases the molecule's stability by creating a conjugated system, characterized by alternating single and double bonds, which has significant implications for the reactivity and properties of the compound.
conjugated enone
A conjugated enone is the final product of the aldol condensation process after dehydration of the 尾-hydroxy aldehyde. This molecule features a structure where a carbonyl group is conjugated with a carbon-carbon double bond.
  • The alternating single and double bonds (C=C-C=O) give the conjugated enone its unique stability.
  • This conjugation allows the electrons to delocalize, lowering the overall energy of the molecule.
Conjugated enones are particularly important because they exhibit a high degree of chemical stability and often participate in further chemical reactions.
This conjugated system can absorb light over various wavelengths, and its stability makes it a valuable structural motif in many organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and fragrances.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Formic acid when heated with conc. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) produces

Give reasons for the following : (i) Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than benzoate ion, benzoic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why? (ii) Formic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid; (iii) Acetic acid can be halogenated in the presence of red \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) but formic acid cannot be halogenated in the same way.

Sodium salt of an organic acid ' \(X\) ' produces effervescences with conc. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\). \(' \mathrm{X}^{\prime}\) reacts with the acidified aqueous \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution to give a white precipitate which decolourises acidic solution of \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4} .{ }^{\prime} \mathrm{X}^{\prime}\) is : (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COONa}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HCOONa}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONa}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\)

A liquid (X), having a molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) is hydrolysed with water in the presence of an acid to give a carboxylic acid \((\mathrm{Y})\) and an alcohol \((\mathrm{Z})\). Oxidation of \((\mathrm{Z})\) with chromic acid gives \((\mathrm{Y}) .\) What are the structures of \((\mathrm{X})\), (Y) and \((\mathrm{Z}) ?\)

Bouveault-Blanc reduction reaction involves: (a) Reduction of an acyl halide with \(\mathrm{H}_{2} / \mathrm{Pd}\) (b) Reduction of an anhydride with \(\mathrm{LiAlH}_{4}\) (c) Reduction of an ester with \(\mathrm{Na} / \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) (d) Reduction of a carbonyl compound with \(\mathrm{Na} / \mathrm{Hg}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\).
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.