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Distinguish among depreciation, depletion, and amortization.

Short Answer

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Answer

The differences between the terms depreciation, depletion, and amortization are that they imply a cost allocation of different types of assets.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Depreciation 

Depreciation is a branch of accounting that systematically spreads or divides the cost or other principal value of a fixed assetover its expected useful life by charging regular expenses or revenues.

02

Explaining the distinction between depreciation, depletion, and amortization

The phrases depreciation, depletion, and amortization differ in that they all refer to the cost allocation of different categories of assets. Depreciation shows that the carrying value of tangible plant assets has dropped. The word depletion is used when natural resources (wasting assets) such as lumber, oil, coal, and lead are involved. Amortization is the term used to describe the process of intangible assets such as patents or copyrights expiring.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Electroboy Enterprises, Inc. operates several stores throughout the western United States. As part of an operational and financial reporting review in a response to a downturn in its markets, the company’s management has decided to perform an impairment test on five stores (combined). The five stores’ sales have declined due to aging facilities and competition from a rival that opened new stores in the same markets. Management has developed the following information concerning the five stores as of the end of fiscal 2016.

Original cost \(36million

Accumulated depreciation \)10 million

Estimated remaining useful life 4 years

Estimated expected future

annual cash flows (not discounted) \(4.0 million per year

Appropriate discount rate 5 percent

Accounting

  1. Determine the amount of impairment loss, if any, that Electroboy should report for fiscal 2016 and the book value at which Electroboy should report the five stores on its fiscal year-end 2016 balance sheet. Assume that the cash flows occur at the end of each year.
  2. Repeat part (a), but instead assume that (1) the estimated remaining useful life is 10 years, (2) the estimated annual cash flows are \)2,720,000 per year, and (3) the appropriate discount rate is 6 percent.

Analysis

Assume that you are a financial analyst and you participate in a conference call with Electroboy management in early 2017 (before Electroboy closes the books on fiscal 2016). During the conference call, you learn that management is considering selling the five stores, but the sale won’t likely be completed until the second quarter of fiscal 2017. Briefly discuss what implications this would have for Electroboy’s 2016 financial statements. Assume the same facts as in part (b) above.

Principles

Electroboy management would like to know the accounting for the impaired asset in periods subsequent to the impairment. Can the assets be written back up? Briefly discuss the conceptual arguments for this accounting.

In the extractive industries, businesses may pay dividends in excess of net income. What is the maximum permissible? How can this practice be justified?

Charlie Parker, president of Spinners Company, has recently noted that depreciation increases cash provided by operations and therefore depreciation is a good source of funds. Do you agree? Discuss.

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 2014 reported net income of \(16.4 billion, net sales of \)482.2 billion, and average total assets of $204.2 billion. What is Wal-Mart’s asset turnover? What is Wal-Mart’s return on assets?

Brazil Group purchases a vehicle at a cost of \(50,000 on January 2, 2017. Individual components of the vehicle and useful lives are as follows.

Cost

Useful Lives

Tires

\) 6,000

2 years

Transmission

10,000

5 years

Trucks

34,000

10 years

Instructions

(Assume no residual (salvage) value.)

  1. Compute depreciation expense for 2017, assuming Brazil depreciates the vehicle as a single unit.
  2. Compute depreciation expense for 2017, assuming Brazil uses component depreciation.
  3. Why might a company want to use component depreciation to depreciate its assets?
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