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Chapter 21: Q7P_a. (page 1247)

(Lessee Entries and Balance Sheet Presentation, Capital Lease) Ludwick Steel Company as lessee signed a lease agreement for equipment for 5 years, beginning December 31, 2017. Annual rental payments of \(40,000 are to be made at the beginning of each lease year (December 31). The taxes, insurance, and the maintenance costs are the obligation of the lessee. The interest rate used by the lessor in setting the payment schedule is 9%; Ludwick鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate is 10%. Ludwick is unaware of the rate being used by the lessor. At the end of the lease, Ludwick has the option to buy the equipment for \)1, considerably below its estimated fair value at that time. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 7 years, with no salvage value. Ludwick uses the straight-line method of depreciation on similar owned equipment.

Instructions

  1. Prepare the journal entry or entries, with explanations, that should be recorded on December 31, 2017, by Ludwick.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The lease liability is $166,794.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Capital lease

A capital lease is a mutual agreement in which the lessor agrees to transfer possession of the asset to the lesseeat the end of the lease term. A lessee can benefit from capital leasing because he can buy the asset at a rate cheaper than the market value.

02

Preparing journal entries

Date

Particular

Debit ($)

Credit ($)

Dec. 31, 2017

Leased Equipment

166,794

Lease Liability

166,794

To record leased assets and related liability at the present value of 5 future annual payments of $40,000 discounted at 10%.

Working Notes:

Calculation of lease liability

Note: Present value of an annuity due of 1 for 5 periods at 10%.

Date

Particular

Debit ($)

Credit ($)

Dec. 31, 2017

Lease Liability

40,000

Cash

40,000

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: (Balance Sheet and Income Statement Disclosure鈥擫essee) The following facts pertain to a noncancelable lease agreement between Alschuler Leasing Company and McKee Electronics, a lessee, for a computer system.

Inception date

October 1, 2017

Lease term

6 years

Economic life of leased equipment

6 years

Fair value of asset at October 1, 2017

\(300,383

Residual value at end of lease term

鈥�0鈥�

Lessor鈥檚 implicit rate

10%

Lessee鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate

10%

Annual lease payment due at the beginning of each year, beginning with October 1, 2017

\)62,700

The collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably predictable, and there are no important uncertainties surrounding the costs yet to be incurred by the lessor. The lessee assumes responsibility for all executory costs, which amount to \(5,500 per year and are to be paid each October 1, beginning October 1, 2017. (This \)5,500 is not included in the rental payment of \(62,700.) The asset will revert to the lessor at the end of the lease term. The straight-line depreciation method is used for all equipment.

The following amortization schedule has been prepared correctly for use by both the lessor and the lessee in accounting for this lease. The lease is to be accounted for properly as a capital lease by the lessee and as a direct-financing lease by the lessor.

Date

Annual lease payments/Receipt

Interest (10%)

On Unpaid liability/Receivable

Reduction of Lease Liability?

Receivable

Balance of Lease Liability/Receivable

10/01/17

\)300,383

10/01/17

\(62,700

\)62,700

237,683

10/01/18

\(62,700

\)23,768

38,932

198,751

10/01/19

\(62,700

19,875

42,825

155,926

10/01/20

\)62,700

15,593

47,107

108,819

10/01/21

\(62,700

10,882

51,818

57,001

10/01/22

\)62,700

5,699*

57,001

0

\(376,200

\)75,817

\(300,383

*Rounding error is \)1.

(b) Assuming the lessee鈥檚 accounting period ends on December 31, answer the following questions with respect to this lease agreement.

(1) What items and amounts will appear on the lessee鈥檚 income statement for the year ending December 31, 2017?

(Lessor Computations and Entries, Sales-Type Lease with Unguaranteed Residual Value) George Company manufactures a check-in kiosk with an estimated economic life of 12 years and leases it to National Airlines for a period of 10 years. The normal selling price of the equipment is \(278,072, and its unguaranteed residual value at the end of the lease term is estimated to be \)20,000. National will pay annual payments of \(40,000 at the beginning of each year and all maintenance, insurance, and taxes. George incurred costs of \)180,000 in manufacturing the equipment and $4,000 in negotiating and closing the lease. George has determined that the collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably predictable, that no additional costs will be incurred, and that the implicit interest rate is 10%.

Instructions

(c) Prepare all of the lessor鈥檚 journal entries for the first year.

Winston Industries and Ewing Inc. enter into an agreement that requires Ewing Inc. to build three diesel-electric engines to Winston鈥檚 specifications. Upon completion of the engines, Winston has agreed to lease them for a period of 10 years and to assume all costs and risks of ownership. The lease is noncancelable, becomes effective on January 1, 2017, and requires annual rental payments of \(413,971 each January 1, starting January 1, 2017.

Winston鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate is 10%. The implicit interest rate used by Ewing Inc. and known to Winston is 8%. The total cost of building the three engines is \)2,600,000. The economic life of the engines is estimated to be 10 years, with residual value set at zero. Winston depreciates similar equipment on a straight-line basis. At the end of the lease, Winston assumes title to the engines. Collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably certain; no uncertainties exist relative to unreimbursable lessor costs.

Instructions

(e) Prepare the journal entries for both the lessee and lessor to record interest expense (revenue) at December 31, 2017. (Prepare a lease amortization schedule for 2 years.)

The residual value is the estimated fair value of the leased property at the end of the lease term.

(b) Of what significance is (1) an unguaranteed and (2) a guaranteed residual value in the lessor鈥檚 accounting for a direct-financing lease transaction?

(Lessor Entries; Direct-Financing Lease with Option to Purchase) Castle Leasing Company signs a lease agreement on January 1, 2017, to lease electronic equipment to Jan Way Company. The term of the noncancelable lease is 2 years, and payments are required at the end of each year. The following information relates to this agreement:

  1. Jan Way Company has the option to purchase the equipment for \(16,000 upon termination of the lease.
  2. The equipment has a cost and fair value of \)160,000 to Castle Leasing Company. The useful economic life is 2 years, with a salvage value of \(16,000.
  3. Jan Way Company is required to pay \)5,000 each year to the lessor for executory costs.
  4. Castle Leasing Company desires to earn a return of 10% on its investment.
  5. Collectibility of the payments is reasonably predictable, and there are no important uncertainties surrounding the costs yet to be incurred by the lessor.

Instructions

  1. Prepare the journal entries on the books of Castle Leasing to reflect the payments received under the lease and to recognize income for the years 2017 and 2018.
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