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Chapter 21: 3P_a (page 1245)

Winston Industries and Ewing Inc. enter into an agreement that requires Ewing Inc. to build three diesel-electric engines to Winston鈥檚 specifications. Upon completion of the engines, Winston has agreed to lease them for a period of 10 years and to assume all costs and risks of ownership. The lease is noncancelable, becomes effective on January 1, 2017, and requires annual rental payments of \(413,971 each January 1, starting January 1, 2017.

Winston鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate is 10%. The implicit interest rate used by Ewing Inc. and known to Winston is 8%. The total cost of building the three engines is \)2,600,000. The economic life of the engines is estimated to be 10 years, with residual value set at zero. Winston depreciates similar equipment on a straight-line basis. At the end of the lease, Winston assumes title to the engines. Collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably certain; no uncertainties exist relative to unreimbursable lessor costs.

Instructions

(a) Discuss the nature of this lease transaction from the viewpoints of both lessee and lessor.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Present value of lease payments is $3,000,000

Dealers鈥� Profit is $400,000

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Lease

A lease is a legally binding contract between a lessor and a lessee. The lessee has been given the right to use certain property owned by the lessee for the period specified under this agreement. The lessee pays the lessee rent payments over the term of the lease in exchange for the use of the asset.

02

Explaining the nature of this lease transaction from the viewpoints of both lessee and lessor

Winston Industries should approach leasing as a capital lease, requiring the lessee to capitalize the leased asset. Since

  1. The ownership of the engine is transferred to the lessee,
  2. The term of the lease is equal to the expected life of the asset, and
  3. 3) The present value of the minimum lease payment exceeds 90% of the fair value of the lease and is eligible for capital lease accounting by the lessee. The transaction signifies a paid purchase at establishments over a ten-year period.

Since a manufacturer鈥檚 profit accrues to Ewing Inc., this arrangement is a sale-type lease. This leasing agreement also indicates the financing of the producer of the transaction over a period of 10 years.

Calculation of Present Value of Lease Payments

Presentvalueofleasepayments=Annualrental脳Presentvalueofannuity=$413,917脳7.24689=$3,000,000

Note: Present value of an annuity due at 8% for 10 years, rounded by $2.

Calculation of Dealer鈥檚 Profit:

Sales (present value of lease payments)

$3,000,000

Less cost of engines

2,600,000

Profit on sale

$ 400,000

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Lessor Computations and Entries, Sales-Type Lease with Guaranteed Residual Value) Amirante Inc. manufactures an X-ray machine with an estimated life of 12 years and leases it to Chambers Medical Center for a period of 10 years. The normal selling price of the machine is \(411,324, and its guaranteed residual value at the end of the noncancelable lease term is estimated to be \)15,000. The hospital will pay rents of \(60,000 at the beginning of each year and all maintenance, insurance, and taxes. Amirante Inc. incurred costs of \)250,000 in manufacturing the machine and $14,000 in negotiating and closing the lease. Amirante Inc. has determined that the collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably predictable, that there will be no additional costs incurred, and that the implicit interest rate is 10%.

Instructions

(a) Discuss the nature of this lease in relation to the lessor and compute the amount of each of the following items.

  1. Lease receivable at inception of the lease.

A lease agreement between Mooney Leasing Company and Rode Company is described in E21-8.

Inception date

May 1, 2017

Annual lease payment due at the beginning

of each year, beginning with May 1, 2017

\(21,227.65

Bargain-purchase option price at end of lease term

\) 4,000.00

Lease term

5 years

Economic life of leased equipment

10 years

Lessor鈥檚 cost

\(65,000.00

Fair value of asset at May 1, 2017

\)91,000.00

Lessor鈥檚 implicit rate

10%

Lessee鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate

10%

Instructions

(Round all numbers to the nearest cent.) Refer to the data in E21-8 and do the following for the lessor.

(c) Prepare the journal entries to reflect the signing of the lease agreement and to record the receipts and income related to this lease for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The lessor鈥檚 accounting period ends on December 31. Reversing entries are not used by Mooney.

Question: (Lessee Entries and Balance Sheet Presentation, Capital Lease) On January 1, 2017, Cage Company contracts to lease equipment for 5 years, agreeing to make a payment of \(137,899 (including the executory costs of \)6,000) at the beginning of each year, starting January 1, 2017. The taxes, the insurance, and the maintenance, estimated at \(6,000 a year, are the obligations of the lessee. The leased equipment is to be capitalized at \)550,000. The asset is to be depreciated on a double-declining-balance basis, and the obligation is to be reduced on an effective-interest basis. Cage鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate is 12%, and the implicit rate in the lease is 10%, which is known by Cage. Title to the equipment transfers to Cage when the lease expires. The asset has an estimated useful life of 5 years and no residual value.

Instructions

(c) Prepare the journal entry to record depreciation of the leased asset for the year 2017.

Callaway Golf Co. leases telecommunications equipment. Assume the following data for equipment leased from Photon Company. The lease term is 5 years and requires equal rental payments of \(31,000 at the beginning of each year. The equipment has a fair value at the inception of the lease of \)138,000, an estimated useful life of 8 years, and no residual value.

Callaway pays all executory costs directly to third parties. Photon set the annual rental to earn a rate of return of 10%, and this fact is known to Callaway. The lease does not transfer title or contain a bargain-purchase option. How should Callaway classify this lease?

(Operating Lease vs. Capital Lease) You are auditing the December 31, 2017, financial statements of Hockney, Inc., manufacturer of novelties and party favors. During your inspection of the company garage, you discovered that a used automobile not listed in the equipment subsidiary ledger is parked there. You ask Stacy Reeder, plant manager, about the vehicle, and she tells you that the company did not list the automobile because the company was only leasing it. The lease agreement was entered into on January 1, 2017, with Crown New and Used Cars.

You decide to review the lease agreement to ensure that the lease should be afforded operating lease treatment, and you discover the following lease terms.

  1. Noncancelable term of 4 years.
  2. 2. Rental of \(3,240 per year (at the end of each year). (The present value at 8% per year is \)10,731.)
  3. 3. Estimated residual value after 4 years is \(1,100. (The present value at 8% per year is \)809.) Hockney guarantees the residual value of $1,100.
  4. 4. Estimated economic life of the automobile is 5 years.
  5. 5. Hockney鈥檚 incremental borrowing rate is 8% per year.

Instructions

You are a senior auditor writing a memo to your supervisor, the audit partner in charge of this audit, to discuss the above situation. Be sure to include (a) why you inspected the lease agreement, (b) what you determined about the lease, and (c) how you advised your client to account for this lease. Explain every journal entry that you believe is necessary to record this lease properly on the client鈥檚 books. (It is also necessary to include the fact that you communicated this information to your client.)
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