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How does the marginal principle of retained earnings relate to the returns that a stockholder may make in other investments?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The marginal principle of retained earnings states that the company should evaluate the return attained by the stockholders when the money is set aside as retained earnings and when the income is given to the stockholders as dividends.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Meaning of retained earnings

The earnings set aside by the company are called retained earnings.This is the net income left with the company after providing for all taxes, interests, and dividends.

02

The relation between the marginal principle of retained earnings and the stockholder’s return

The marginal principle of retained earnings states that the company must analyse the return achieved on the retained earnings and the return generated by the stockholders if the fund is distributed to them as dividends.The return generated by the stockholders in both scenarios should be evaluated.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Discuss the relationship between bond prices and interest rates. What impact do changing interest rates have on the price of long-term bonds versus short-term bonds? (LO16-2)

Question: Barton Simpson, the chief financial officer of Broadband Inc. could hardly believe the change in interest rates that had taken place over the last few months. The interest rate on A2 rated bonds was now 6 percent. The $30 million, 15-year bond issue that his firm has outstanding was initially issued at 9 percent five years ago. Because interest rates had gone down so much, he was considering refunding the bond issue. The old issue had a call premium of 8 percent. The underwriting cost on the old issue had been 3 percent of par, and on the new issue it would be 5 percent of par. The tax rate would be 30 percent and a 4 percent discount rate would be applied for the refunding decision. The new bond would have a 10-year life. Before Barton used the 8 percent call provision to reacquire the old bonds, he wanted to make sure he could not buy them back cheaper in the open market.

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The Presley Corporation is about to go public. It currently has after-tax earnings of \(7,200,000, and 2,100,000 shares are owned by the present stockholders (the Presley family). The new public issue will represent 800,000 new shares. The new shares will be priced to the public at \)25 per share, with a 5 percent spread on the offering price. There will also be $260,000 in out-of-pocket costs to the corporation.

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Question: The management of Mitchell Labs decided to go private in 2002 by buying in all 2.80 million of its outstanding shares at \(24.80 per share. By 2006, management had restructured the company by selling off the petroleum research division for \)10.75 million, the fiber technology division for \(8.45 million, and the synthetic products division for \)20 million. Because these divisions had been only marginally profitable, Mitchell Labs is a stronger company after the restructuring. Mitchell is now able to concentrate exclusively on contract research and will generate earnings per share of $1.10 this year. Investment bankers have contacted the firm and indicated that if it reentered the public market, the 2.80 million shares it purchased to go private could now be reissued to the public at a P/E ratio of 15 times earnings per share.

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Question: The Bailey Corporation, a manufacturer of medical supplies and equipment, is planning to sell its shares to the general public for the first time. The firm’s investment banker, Robert Merrill and Company, is working with Bailey Corporation in determining a number of items. Information on the Bailey Corporation follows:

Bailey corporation

Income statement

For the year 20X1

Sales (all on credit)

\(42,680,000

Cost of goods sold

\)32,240,000

Gross profit

\(10,440,000

Selling and administrative expenses

\)4,558,000

Operating profit

\(5,882,000

Interest expense

\)600,000

Net income before taxes

\(5,282,000

Taxes

\)2,120,000

Net income

\(3,162,000

Bailey corporation

Balance sheet

As of December 31, 20X1

Assets

Current assets:

Cash

\)250,000

Marketable securities

\(130,000

Accounts receivables

\)6,000,000

Inventory

\(8,300,000

Total current assets

\)14,680,000

Net plant and equipment

\(13,970,000

Total assets

\)28,650,000

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

\(3,800,000

Notes payable

\)3,550,000

Total current liabilities

\(7,350,000

Long-term liabilities

\)5,620,000

Total liabilities

\(12,970,000

Stockholder’s equity:

Common stock (1,800,000 shares at \)1 par)

\(1,800,000

Capital in excess of par

\)6,300,000

Retained earnings

\(7,580,000

Total stockholder’s equity

\)15,680,000

Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity

$28,650,000

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