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Bonds of different risk classes will have a spread between their interest rates. Is this spread always the same? Why? (LO16-2)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The spread between interest rate and bonds of different risk classes is not always the same because the variations in the yield spread depend upon the changes in the economy.

Step by step solution

01

Spread

In finance, the term spread is used to denote the difference between two rates or yieldsassociated with stocks or bonds. The determination of spread facilitates the investors to assess the nature of the bond, whether the bond is expensive or cheap.

02

Impact on the spread

The spread between bonds of different risk classes and their interest rate is not always the same. The yield spread changes according to the variations in the economy.In addition, high rated bonds contain less risk, and low rated contain high-risk such changes in the rating also differentiate the spreads.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Discuss the reason for the differences between underwriting spreads for stocks and bonds.

Tyson Iron Works is about to go public. It currently has after-tax earnings of \(4,400,000, and 4,200,000 shares are owned by the present stockholders. The new public issue will represent 500,000 new shares. The new shares will be priced to the public at \)25 per share with a 3 percent spread on the offering price. There will also be $280,000 in out-of-pocket costs to the corporation.

b. Compute the earnings per share immediately before the stock issue.

Midland Corporation has a net income of \(19 million and 4 million shares outstanding. Its common stock is currently selling for \)48 per share. Midland plans to sell common stock to set up a major new production facility with a net cost of \(21,120,000. The production facility will not produce a profit for one year, and then it is expected to earn a 13 percent return on the investment. Stanley Morgan and Co., an investment banking firm, plans to sell the issue to the public for \)44 per share with a spread of 4 percent.

a. How many shares of stock must be sold to net $21,120,000? (Note: No out-of-pocket costs must be considered in this problem.)

Question: The management of Mitchell Labs decided to go private in 2002 by buying in all 2.80 million of its outstanding shares at \(24.80 per share. By 2006, management had restructured the company by selling off the petroleum research division for \)10.75 million, the fiber technology division for \(8.45 million, and the synthetic products division for \)20 million. Because these divisions had been only marginally profitable, Mitchell Labs is a stronger company after the restructuring. Mitchell is now able to concentrate exclusively on contract research and will generate earnings per share of $1.10 this year. Investment bankers have contacted the firm and indicated that if it re-entered the public market, the 2.80 million shares it purchased to go private could now be reissued to the public at a P/E ratio of 15 times earnings per share.

c. What is the percentage return to the management of Mitchell Labs from the restructuring? Use answers from parts a and b to determine this value

The trustee in the bankruptcy settlement for Titanic Boat Co. lists the following book values and liquidation values for the assets of the corporation. Liabilities and stockholders’ claims are also shown.

Assets

Book value

Liquidation value

Accounts receivables

\(1,400,000

\)1,200,000

Inventory

\(1,800,000

\)900,000

Machinery and equipment

\(1,100,000

\)600,000

Building and plant

\(4,200,000

\)2,500,000

Total assets

\(8,500,000

\)5,200,000

Liabilities and stockholder’s claims

Liabilities

Accounts payable

\(2,800,000

First lien, secured by machinery and equipment

\)900,000

Senior unsecured debt

\(2,200,000

Subordinated debenture

\)1,700,000

Total liabilities

\(7,600,000

Stockholder’s claims

Preferred stock

\)250,000

Common stock

\(650,000

Total stockholder’s claims

\)900,000

Total liabilities and stockholder’s claims

$8,500,000

d. After the machinery and equipment are sold to partially cover the first lien secured claim, how much will be available from the remaining asset liquidation values to cover unsatisfied secured claims and unsecured debt?

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