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Draw two break-even graphs—one for a conservative firm using labor-intensive production and another for a capital-intensive firm. Assuming these companies compete within the same industry and have identical sales, explain the impact of changes in sales volume on both firms’ profits.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Break-even Graph for the conservative firm using the labor-intensive product

Break-even Graph for the conservative firm using the capital intensive product

Step by step solution

01

Break-even analysis

Companies widely use break-even analysis to know the production volume at which the contribution margin equals the fixed cost. It is a situation in which there is no profit or no loss.

02

Break-even for the conservative firm using the labour-intensive product.

The company manufacturing labour-intensive products incurs less fixed costs and high variable. It is so because the labor-intensive product company requires more labor to produce the goods than machines. Until the break-even point is achieved, the company is incurring losses due to the fixed cost, and after that company starts earning profits. The company achieves the break-even point of labour-intensive products earlier than capital-intensive products.

03

Break-even for the conservative firm using the labor-intensive product. 

The company engaged in manufacturing the capital-intensive products incur high fixed costs due to which they incur high loss until the break-even point is achieved. After achieving the break-even point, when the sale has increased, the company's profit also increases at a high rate. It is so because the capital-intensive products incur less variable cost.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Inflation can have significant effects on income statements and balance sheets, and therefore on the calculation of ratios. Discuss the possible impact of inflation on the following ratios, and explain the direction of the impact based on your assumptions. (LO3-5)

c. Fixed asset turnover

If we divide users of ratios into short-term lenders, long-term lenders, and stockholders, which ratios would each group be most interested in, and forwhat reasons?

Given the financial statements for Jones Corporation and Smith Corporation shown here:

b. In which one would you buy stock? Why?

JONES CORPORATION

Current assets

Liabilities

Cash

\(20,000

Accounts payable

\)100,000

Accounts receivable

80,000

Bonds payable (long term)

80,000

Inventory

50,000

Long Term Assets

Stockholder’s Equity

Fixeed assets

\(500,000

Common Stock

\)150,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation

(150,000)

Paid in capital

70,000

Net fixed assets*

350,000

Retained earnings

100,000

Total assets

\(500,000

Total Liab. And equity

\)500,000

JONES CORPORATION

Sales (on credit)

\(1,250,000

Cost of goods sold

750,000

Gross profit

\)500,000

Selling and administrative expenses

257,000

Less: depreciation expenses

50,000

Operating profits

\(193,000

Interest expenses

8,000

Earning before taxes

\)185,000

Tax expenses

92,500

Net income

\(92,500

*Use net fixed assets in computing fixed asset turnover.

†Includes \)7,000 in lease payments.

SMITH CORPORATION

Current assets

Liabilities

Cash

\(35,000

Accounts payable

\)75,000

Marketable securities

7,500

Bonds payable (long term)

210,000

Accounts receivable

70,000

Inventory

75,000

Long term assets

Stockholder’s equity

Fixed assets

\(500,000

Common stock

\)75,000

Less: accumulated depreciation

250,000

Paid in capital

30,000

Net fixed assets*

250,000

Retained earnings

47,500

Total assets

\(437,500

Total liab. And equity

\)437,500

*use net fixed assets in computing fixed assets turnover.

SMITH CORPORATION

Sales (on credit)

\(1,000,000

Cost of goods sold

600,000

Gross profit

\)400,000

Selling and administrative expenses

224,000

Less: depreciation expenses

50,000

Operating profits

\(126,000

Interest expenses

21,000

Earning before taxes

\)105,000

Tax expenses

52,500

Net income

\(52,500

Includes \)7,000 in lease payments

Vriend Software Inc.’s book value per share is \(15.20. If earnings per share is\)1.88 and the firm’s stock trades in the stock market at 3.5 times book value pershare, what will the P/E ratio be? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

Botox Facial Care had earnings after taxes of \(370,000 in 20X1 with 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. The stock price was \)31.50. In 20X2, earnings after taxes increased to \(436,000 with the same 200,000 shares outstanding. The stock price was \)42.00

a. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 20X1. The P/E ratio

equals the stock price divided by earnings per share.

b. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 20X2.

c. Give a general explanation of why the P/E ratio changed.

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