/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 4 \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) a. is an ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 4

\(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) a. is an anion. b. is a neutral isotope. c. is an atom that has lost two electrons. d. is reduced.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option c: \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) is an atom that has lost two electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Understand what \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) represents

\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) indicates that this calcium ion has lost 2 electrons, as signified by the 2+ charge.
02

Evaluate option a

An anion is a negatively charged ion. Since \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) has a positive charge, it is not an anion.
03

Evaluate option b

A neutral isotope has no net electrical charge. \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) is a positively charged ion, so it鈥檚 not neutral.
04

Evaluate option c

The \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) has lost 2 electrons, resulting in a 2+ charge. This fits the description of option c.
05

Evaluate option d

Reduction refers to the gain of electrons. Since \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) has lost electrons, it has been oxidized, not reduced.
06

Conclusion

The correct answer is option c: \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) is an atom that has lost two electrons.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Cation
A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. The calcium ion \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) is an example of a cation. Here's why: Calcium normally has a neutral charge, meaning it has an equal number of protons (positively charged particles) and electrons (negatively charged particles). When it loses two electrons, it becomes positively charged, resulting in \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\). The '2+' notation shows it has a net positive charge of two. In summary:
  • Cations form by losing electrons.
  • \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) is a cation with a 2+ charge.
Oxidation
Oxidation is a chemical process involving the loss of electrons by an atom or molecule. For calcium, becoming a \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) ion means it underwent oxidation. Here's how it works: In the oxidation process, calcium loses two electrons. These negatively charged particles leave the calcium atom, and its overall charge becomes more positive.
This can be summarized in an oxidation equation: \[\text{Ca} \rightarrow \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2e^-\] This shows the calcium (Ca) atom losing two electrons (\(2e^-\)), forming the \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) ion.
Important points:
  • Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
  • \(\text{Ca}\) is oxidized to \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\).
Electron Loss
When an atom loses electrons, it becomes more positively charged. This process is essential in the formation of cations. In the case of calcium:
  • Calcium starts as a neutral atom.
  • It loses two electrons.
  • This loss results in a \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) ion.
Electrons are negatively charged particles. By losing these, calcium's remaining protons (positively charged particles) create a net positive charge. Therefore:
  • Electron loss leads to positive ion (or cation) formation.
  • \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) is due to the loss of two electrons.
Ionization
Ionization refers to the process by which an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, forming ions. For calcium to become \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\), it undergoes ionization. This process includes:
  • Starting as a neutral calcium atom.
  • Electrons are removed.
  • An ion with a 2+ charge remains.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Calcium needs this energy to lose its electrons and become \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\). Key takeaways:
  • Ionization is essential for ion formation.
  • Calcium's ionization leads to \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) ion.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

An atom with a net positive charge must have more a. protons than neutrons. b. protons than electrons. c. electrons than neutrons. d. electrons than protons.

The isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 differ in a. the number of neutrons. b. the number of protons. c. the number of electrons. d. Both \(\mathrm{b}\) and \(\mathrm{c}\)

A completely filled L energy level contains how many more electrons than a completely filled \(\mathrm{K}\) energy level? a. two b. four c. \(\mathrm{six}\) d. eight
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Bioenergetics

Read Explanation

Cells

Read Explanation

Cell Communication

Read Explanation

Biological Structures

Read Explanation

Reproduction

Read Explanation

Chemistry of Life

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.