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Chapter 19: Problem 27

Resorption of bone (increases/decreases) plasma calcium levels.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Bone resorption increases plasma calcium levels.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Bone Resorption

Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue, releasing minerals, including calcium, into the blood.
02

Identifying Effects on Plasma Calcium

During bone resorption, calcium ions previously stored in the bone matrix are released into the bloodstream.
03

Analyzing Plasma Calcium Levels

As a result of the release of calcium ions into the blood during bone resorption, the level of calcium in the plasma increases.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts are special cells that are essential for bone health. They are responsible for breaking down the tissue in bones鈥攁 process known as bone resorption. When osteoclasts become active, they dissolve the mineral component of bone tissue using enzymes and acids.
This releases important minerals like calcium into the bloodstream.
  • They are derived from the bone marrow.
  • Osteoclasts have a ruffled border to increase their surface area for resorption.
  • These cells form on the bone surface to dissolve minerals and collagen fibers from the bone.
Understanding the role of osteoclasts helps in realizing how bones constantly remodel themselves to adapt to stress or repair damage. This continuous activity maintains bone strength and ensures that calcium levels in the blood remain stable.
Plasma Calcium Levels
Calcium is one of the most crucial minerals in our body, especially for bone health.
Almost 99% of the body鈥檚 calcium is stored in the bones, with the remaining 1% found in the blood plasma. Plasma calcium levels need to be tightly regulated because calcium is involved in several vital body functions:
  • It is necessary for muscle contraction.
  • Acts as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions.
  • Plays a role in blood clotting processes.
When bone resorption occurs, the released calcium enters the bloodstream, increasing plasma calcium levels. This incremental rise in calcium due to osteoclast activity helps in maintaining the physiological levels required for bodily functions.
Calcium Homeostasis
Calcium homeostasis refers to the balance of calcium levels within the bloodstream. It is a critical physiological process as both too low and too high plasma calcium levels can be harmful.
The body has regulatory mechanisms to maintain these levels:
  • The parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels by promoting bone resorption, kidney retention of calcium, and increasing intestinal calcium absorption.
  • Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, reduces blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
  • Vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract.
The interactions among these regulatory substances ensure that calcium levels are balanced, avoiding conditions like hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) or hypercalcemia (high calcium levels). This meticulous control is vital for life, providing a steady supply of calcium vital for healthy bones and proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of plasma, severe sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in plasma osmolarity. How do these changes affect the secretion of \(\mathrm{ADH}\) ? a) The decrease in plasma volume inhibits ADH secretion, but the increase in osmolarity stimulates it. b) The decrease in plasma volume stimulates \(\mathrm{ADH}\) secretion, but the increase in osmolarity inhibits it. c) Both the decrease in plasma volume and the increase in osmolarity stimulate \(\mathrm{ADH}\) secretion. d) Both the decrease in plasma volume and the increase in osmolarity inhibit ADH secretion.

In the lumen of the proximal tubule, secreted hydrogen ions are primarily buffered by a) Bicarbonate. b) Phosphates. c) Proteins. d) Sulfates. e) Carbon dioxide.

Stretching of the atria of the heart promotes the secretion of ________ ________ ________ , a hormone that promotes sodium excretion.

Where is the \(\mathrm{Na}^{+} / \mathrm{K}^{+}\)pump located? a) On the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells, and on the apical membrane of principal cells b) On the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells, and on the basolateral membrane of principal cells c) On the basolateral membrane of both proximal tubule cells and principal cells d) On the apical membrane of both proximal tubule cells and principal cells

Most solutes and water are reabsorbed in the (proximal tubule/distal tubule and collecting duct).
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