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Chapter 4: Problem 4

In several plants, such as tobacco, primrose, and red clover, combinations of alleles in eggs and pollen have been found to influence the reproductive compatibility of the plants. Homozygous combinations, such as \(S^{1} S^{1}\), do not develop because \(S^{1}\) pollen is not effective on \(S^{1}-\) stigmas. However, \(S^{1}\) pollen is effective on \(S^{2} S^{3}\) stigmas. What progeny might be expected from the following crosses (seed parent written first): (a) \(S^{1} S^{2} \times S^{2} S^{3} ;\) (b) \(S^{1} S^{2} \times S^{3} S^{4}\); (c) \(S^{4} S^{5} \times S^{4} S^{5} ;\) and (d) \(S^{3} S^{4} \times S^{5} S^{6}\) ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) S鹿S虏, S鹿S鲁; (b) S鹿S鲁, S鹿S鈦�, S虏S鲁, S虏S鈦�; (c) none; (d) S鲁S鈦�, S鲁S鈦�, S鈦碨鈦�, S鈦碨鈦�.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Cross (a)

For the cross between \(S^1 S^2\) and \(S^2 S^3\):- Pollen from \(S^1 S^2\) includes \(S^1\) and \(S^2\).- Stigma from \(S^2 S^3\) accepts pollen with alleles that are not \(S^2\) or \(S^3\) effective, so \(S^1\) can fertilize. Possible progeny: - \(S^1 S^2\) (from \(S^1\) pollen and \(S^2\) stigma) - \(S^1 S^3\) (from \(S^1\) pollen and \(S^3\) stigma)
02

Analyze Cross (b)

For the cross between \(S^1 S^2\) and \(S^3 S^4\):- Pollen from \(S^1 S^2\) includes \(S^1\) and \(S^2\).- Stigma from \(S^3 S^4\) accepts pollen with alleles \(S^1\) and \(S^2\), since they aren't \(S^3\) or \(S^4\). Possible progeny: - \(S^1 S^3\) (from \(S^1\) pollen and \(S^3\) stigma) - \(S^1 S^4\) (from \(S^1\) pollen and \(S^4\) stigma) - \(S^2 S^3\) (from \(S^2\) pollen and \(S^3\) stigma) - \(S^2 S^4\) (from \(S^2\) pollen and \(S^4\) stigma)
03

Analyze Cross (c)

For the cross between \(S^4 S^5\) and \(S^4 S^5\):- Pollen and stigma are both \(S^4\) and \(S^5\) for both parents.- Neither \(S^4\) nor \(S^5\) pollen will fertilize because they are not accepted by \(S^4 S^5\) stigmas. No progeny is expected.
04

Analyze Cross (d)

For the cross between \(S^3 S^4\) and \(S^5 S^6\):- Pollen from \(S^3 S^4\) includes \(S^3\) and \(S^4\).- Stigma from \(S^5 S^6\) accepts pollen \(S^3\) and \(S^4\) as they are not \(S^5\) or \(S^6\). Possible progeny: - \(S^3 S^5\) (from \(S^3\) pollen and \(S^5\) stigma) - \(S^3 S^6\) (from \(S^3\) pollen and \(S^6\) stigma) - \(S^4 S^5\) (from \(S^4\) pollen and \(S^5\) stigma) - \(S^4 S^6\) (from \(S^4\) pollen and \(S^6\) stigma)

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Allele Combinations
Allele combinations are fundamental in understanding plant genetics and how traits are passed from one generation to another. Each plant carries alleles, which are different forms of a gene, from each parent. In plants like tobacco, primrose, and red clover, these alleles determine certain reproductive aspects.
  • Each allele is denoted by symbols such as \(S^1\), \(S^2\), \(S^3\), and so on.
  • These alleles form pairs to create combinations within a plant's genetic structure.
  • Genetic combinations are expressed in forms such as \(S^1 S^2\), \(S^3 S^4\), etc.
These combinations influence how pollen and stigma interact during reproduction, determining which combinations are viable and can produce offspring. Allele combinations are essential for predicting the potential genetic outcomes in plant crosses.
Reproductive Compatibility
Reproductive compatibility in plants refers to the ability of pollen from one plant to effectively fertilize another plant's stigma. This compatibility is essential for successful seed production and is influenced by the specific allele combinations of the plants involved.
  • Pollen, which carries male genetic information, must match with the stigma's accepted alleles to fertilize the plant.
  • Some combinations, like \(S^1\) pollen with an \(S^1\) stigma, are incompatible, meaning fertilization will not occur.
  • Other combinations, such as \(S^1\) pollen with an \(S^2 S^3\) stigma, are compatible, allowing for fertilization.
Understanding reproductive compatibility helps in predicting the successful crosses and the types of progeny that can be produced. It is crucial for plant breeders aiming to develop plants with specific traits.
Homozygous Combinations
Homozygous combinations in plant genetics occur when a plant has two identical alleles for a particular gene, such as \(S^1 S^1\). These combinations have specific effects on the reproductive process.
  • In a homozygous combination, the allelic pair is the same, like \(S^1 S^1\).
  • Such combinations may lead to self-incompatibility, where pollen cannot successfully fertilize the stigma presenting the same alleles.
  • For instance, in the problem scenario, \(S^1 S^1\) pollen is ineffective on \(S^1-\) stigmas, hence not allowing fertilization.
Incompatibility in homozygous combinations prevents plants from self-pollinating, promoting genetic diversity by encouraging cross-pollination with different genetic material. For plant breeders, managing homozygous combinations is crucial for maintaining the vigor and resilience of plant breeds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A woman who has blood type \(\mathrm{O}\) and blood type \(\mathrm{M}\) marries a man who has blood type \(A B\) and blood type \(M N\). If we assume that the genes for the A-B-O and M-N bloodtyping systems assort independently, what blood types might the children of this couple have, and in what proportions?

\(A, B,\) and \(C\) are inbred strains of mice, assumed to be completely homozygous. A is mated to \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{B}\) to \(\mathrm{C}\). Then the \(A \times B\) hybrids are mated to \(C\), and the offspring of this mating are mated to the \(\mathrm{B} \times\) Chybrids. What is the inbreeding coefficient of the offspring of this last mating?

In mice, a series of five alleles determines fur color. In order of dominance, these alleles are: \(A^{r}\) yellow fur but homozygous lethal; \(A^{L}\), agouti with light belly; \(A^{+},\) agouti (wild-type); \(a^{t},\) black and tan; and \(a\), black. For each of the following crosses, give the coat color of the parents and the phenotypic ratios expected among the progeny: \((\mathrm{a}) A^{Y} A^{L} \times A^{Y} A^{L} ;(\mathrm{b}) A^{Y} a \times A^{L} a^{t} ;(\mathrm{c}) a^{t} a \times A^{Y} a ;(\mathrm{d}) A^{L} a^{t} \times A^{L} A^{L}\) (f) \(A^{+} a^{t} \times a^{t} a\) \((g) a^{t} a \times a a\) (h) \(A^{r} A^{L} \times\) (e) \(A^{L} A^{L} \times A^{\gamma} A^{+}\) \(A^{+} a^{t} ;\) and (i) \(A^{r} A^{L} \times A^{Y} A^{+}\)

Summer squash plants with the dominant allele \(C\) bear white fruit, whereas plants homozygous for the recessive allele \(c\) bear colored fruit. When the fruit is colored, the dominant allele \(G\) causes it to be yellow; in the absence of this allele (that is, with genotype \(g g\) ), the fruit color is green. What are the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) phenotypes and proportions expected from intercrossing the progeny of \(C C G G\) and \(c c g g\) plants? Assume that the \(C\) and \(G\) genes assort independently.

A woman with type \(\mathrm{O}\) blood gave birth to a baby, also with type \(\mathrm{O}\) blood. The woman stated that a man with type \(A B\) blood was the father of the baby. Is there any merit to her statement?
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