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Chapter 11: Problem 91

Molecular scissor is (a) Restriction endonuclease (b) Helicase (c) Urease (d) Peptidase

Short Answer

Expert verified
The answer is (a) Restriction endonuclease. This is the enzyme that acts as 'Molecular Scissors', cleaving DNA into fragments.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the function of each enzyme

First understand the function of the provided enzymes. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cleave DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within the molecule. Helicases are enzymes that are vital for the process of DNA replication, they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands. Ureases act on urea and break it down into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Peptidases are proteolytic enzymes involved in digesting different proteins.
02

Match the function with 'Molecular Scissors'

Now match the functions of the enzymes with the term 'Molecular Scissors'. The term refers to an enzyme that cuts DNA molecules. This function matches the one of Restriction endonucleases that cleave DNA into fragments at specific sites.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Molecular Scissors
Restriction endonucleases are often referred to as "molecular scissors." This is because they have the unique ability to cut DNA strands at specific sequences. Imagine a precise pair of scissors that knows exactly where to cut. These enzymes are critical in molecular biology for various DNA manipulation techniques.
  • They help in cutting DNA at distinctive sites known as recognition sites.
  • Each of these sites is usually a short, specific sequence of nucleotides.
  • They allow scientists to work with desired DNA fragments in research and applied sciences.
Understanding the concept of molecular scissors facilitates comprehension of how scientists are able to manipulate genetic material. Without these precise "scissors," genetic engineering and cloning would be nearly impossible. It's revolutionary in terms of how we can understand and modify genetic information.
DNA Cleavage
DNA cleavage refers to the process of splitting DNA molecules at specific locations. This process is essential for genetic recombination and study. Restriction endonucleases play a pivotal role in promoting DNA cleavage. They carefully target and cleave DNA at distinct recognition sites.
  • This activity can result in "blunt" or "sticky" ends, depending on the manner of cleavage.
  • "Blunt ends" occur when cuts are made directly across both DNA strands.
  • On the other hand, "sticky ends" have overhanging sequences, which can easily bind to complementary sequences on other DNA molecules.
DNA cleavage, driven by restriction endonucleases, is crucial for creating recombinants and various genetic studies involving DNA fragments. By cleaving DNA strategically, scientists can insert, remove, or replace segments of DNA in organisms, enhancing our biological and genetic understanding.
Enzymes in Biotechnology
Enzymes, especially restriction endonucleases, are vital in modern biotechnology. They act as tools that allow scientists to manipulate DNA for various applications.
  • Gene cloning: Enzymes help in cutting desired DNA fragments to insert them into vectors for cloning.
  • Genetic modification: By replacing or altering specific DNA sequences, scientists use these enzymes to modify the genetic traits of organisms.
  • Forensic analysis: Enzymes aid in DNA profiling, crucial for identifying individuals in forensic studies.
  • Diagnosis of genetic diseases: Restriction enzymes can identify mutations and aid in diagnosing genetic disorders.
In biotechnology, enzymes expedite processes that would otherwise be difficult or impossible. They are the unsung heroes, contributing significantly to advancements in healthcare, agriculture, and scientific research.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The fragmented DNA can be visualized by staining DNA with (a) \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) (b) Ethidium bromide (c) Ethylene bromide (d) \(\mathrm{NaBr}\)

The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is (a) Formation of phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments. (b) Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments. (c) Ligation of all purine and pyrimidine bases. (d) None of the above

Select the process/technique included under biotechnology. (a) IVF (test tube baby) (b) Gene synthesis (c) Developing DNA vaccine (d) All of these

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