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Chapter 11: Problem 81

The specific DNA sequence in which EcoRI cuts is (a) GATTCG (b) GAATTC (c) GTTCAA (d) TTCCAA

Short Answer

Expert verified
(b) GAATTC is the correct sequence that EcoRI cuts at.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the query

We are asked to find the specific DNA sequence at which the restriction enzyme EcoRI cuts. EcoRI is an enzyme that comes from E. coli bacteria and it recognizes the palindromic DNA sequence 'GAATTC' and cuts between the 'G' and the first 'A'.
02

Eliminate incorrect choices

Looking at the given sequences, we rule out sequences that do not match the EcoRI recognition sequence. Thus, options (a) GATTCG, (c) GTTCAA and (d) TTCCAA are eliminated.
03

Select the correct sequence

The only option left, which is (b) GAATTC, is the correct answer. It is the only sequence that matches the known EcoRI recognition sequence.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

EcoRI
The restriction enzyme EcoRI originates from the bacterium Escherichia coli. It's commonly used in molecular biology labs due to its precise DNA cutting ability. EcoRI was one of the first restriction enzymes to be discovered, making it a cornerstone in genetic research. EcoRI is specifically useful because it recognizes a fixed sequence of bases in DNA and cuts at a specific point, making it ideal for tasks like cloning and DNA analysis. It helps to create predictable fragments of DNA that can be easily studied, manipulated, or recombined.
Palindromic Sequence
A palindromic sequence in DNA is like a palindrome you might see in words: it reads the same forwards and backwards. In genetics, this refers to the specific sequence of nucleotides that enzymes like EcoRI can recognize from both directions. For EcoRI, the palindromic sequence it recognizes is 'GAATTC'.
  • This symmetry is crucial for the enzyme's recognition ability.
  • The palindromic nature ensures that the enzyme binds properly to the DNA strand.
Palindromic sequences play an essential role in genetic engineering by making it easier to predict where enzymes will cut.
DNA Recognition
DNA recognition is the process by which proteins, like restriction enzymes, find and bind to specific sequences within the genome. For EcoRI, this involves identifying the 'GAATTC' palindromic sequence. This recognition is highly precise:
  • The enzyme uses hydrogen bonds to interact with the bases in the sequence.
  • This ensures that EcoRI only binds to its specific target sequence.
DNA recognition is vital because it dictates where exactly the DNA will be cut, ensuring the correct fragments are produced.
DNA Cutting
DNA cutting refers to the breaking of molecular bonds in the DNA backbone. EcoRI cuts within specific sequences it recognizes. In the case of EcoRI, it cuts between the 'G' and the first 'A' of 'GAATTC'. This cut creates "sticky ends":
  • Sticky ends are unequal, single-stranded overhangs left on the DNA.
  • These overhangs can easily base-pair with complementary sequences.
This feature makes the DNA fragments easier to rejoin or ligate with other DNA sequences, which is particularly useful in techniques like genetic cloning and DNA recombination.

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