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Chapter 11: Problem 124

Assertion: In PCR T aq polymerase is used. Reason: T aq is thermo stable DNA polymerase

Short Answer

Expert verified
Taq polymerase is used in PCR because it is thermo-stable and remains functional at the high temperatures needed during PCR.

Step by step solution

01

Understand PCR

PCR is a technique used to exponentially amplify a specific DNA region. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to denature DNA, anneal primers, and extend the DNA chain.
02

Understand Taq polymerase

Taq polymerase is a DNA polymerase that is obtained from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus. This enzyme has the ability to withstand high temperatures and can function optimally at 72掳C. It synthesizes the new DNA strand during extension.
03

Reason for using Taq polymerase in PCR

Taq polymerase is used in PCR due to its thermo-stable nature. During PCR, the mixture is repeatedly heated to high temperatures to denature the DNA. Many enzymes would be denatured and lose functionality at these high temperatures. But Taq polymerase is thermo-stable, so it remains functional even at high temperatures required for PCR. This makes it an ideal choice for the PCR procedure.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Taq Polymerase: A Key Player in PCR
Taq Polymerase is an essential enzyme used in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). It originates from a bacterium called Thermus aquaticus. One of its main capabilities is synthesizing DNA strands by taking a single-stranded DNA as a template. This synthesis is crucial for DNA amplification.

Without Taq Polymerase, the PCR would not be able to proceed efficiently. The enzyme's affinity for DNA and its ability to work under PCR conditions make it a pillar of modern genetic research and applications.
The Magic of DNA Amplification
DNA Amplification is the core of what makes PCR so groundbreaking. This process involves taking a small amount of DNA and making millions or even billions of copies. Amplified DNA can be used for various applications like forensic analysis, genetic testing, and medical diagnostics.

In PCR, DNA amplification occurs in a systematic process of repeated cycles. It starts with the separation of DNA strands and follows with the binding of primers to their respective strands. Finally, Taq Polymerase extends the DNA strand, leading to exponential growth of the DNA quantity with each cycle.
Thermostability: A Vital Property
Thermostability refers to the ability of a substance or enzyme to remain stable under high temperatures. Taq Polymerase showcases this property excellently. During PCR, the reaction mix is cyclically heated to around 94掳C to denature the DNA.

Enzymes not thermally stable would denature themselves at these high temperatures, losing function. However, because Taq Polymerase is thermally stable, it retains its activity even at extreme temperatures. This allows it to efficiently catalyze DNA synthesis in the PCR process without being inactivated.
The Origin of Thermus aquaticus
Thermus aquaticus is a bacterium discovered in hot springs, which thrives in extreme temperature environments. It is from this microorganism that Taq Polymerase is derived. The enzyme's heat tolerance is a result of the natural conditions Thermus aquaticus inhabits.

This bacterium's unique adaptation allows for the production of a DNA polymerase that is thermostable, making it a revolutionary discovery for molecular biology, especially for those working in genetics and biochemistry fields.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Plasmids are suitable vector for gene cloning because (a) They are smaller circular DNA (b) They are linear DNA (c) They can shuttle between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (d) None of the above

A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be (a) Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process. (b) Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different. (c) Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria. (d) All the above

PCR is related to (a) DNA cloning (b) DNA amplification (c) DNA selective replication (d) All of these

For cloning of foreign DNA it is attached with ori gene of vector which controls (a) Replication (b) Copy number of replicating DNA (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

In 'EcoRI'R stands for (a) Genus (b) Species (c) Strain (d) Restriction enzyme
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