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Chapter 9: Problem 28

Lipids may be (a) Fatty acid (b) Glycerol (c) Compound respectively of both (d) All of these

Short Answer

Expert verified
The answer is (d) All of these.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Lipids

Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic organic compounds. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The structure of lipids usually consists of a glycerol backbone attached to fatty acid chains.
02

Evaluate Options

Option (a) is 'Fatty acid', which is one component of lipids, therefore correct. Option (b) is 'Glycerol', which also makes up part of a lipid's structure, thus correct as well. Option (c) refers to 'Compound respectively of both' implying a lipid can be a compound of both glycerol and fatty acids, which is true, making this option correct as well. Option (d) is 'All of these', indicating all the previous options are part of the lipid's composition, which we have established as true in previous steps.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Fatty acids
Fatty acids are fundamental components of lipids. They are long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end. This structure is crucial because it is what gives fatty acids their acidic properties.
They can be either saturated or unsaturated, which defines their structural and functional properties in biological systems.
  • Saturated fatty acids: These have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them typically solid at room temperature. They are commonly found in animal fats.
  • Unsaturated fatty acids: These contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature. They are often found in plant oils.
Fatty acids store energy efficiently, making them an essential energy reserve for organisms. They are vital for building cell membranes because they form phospholipids, essential components of the cell's protective outer layer.
Glycerol
Glycerol is a simple compound and a key building block for lipids, especially triglycerides. It鈥檚 a three-carbon polyol with each carbon atom bearing a hydroxyl (-OH) group. These hydroxyl groups can react with fatty acids to form ester bonds, leading to the formation of triglycerides.
This bonding is what makes glycerol fundamental in forming lipids.
  • Triglycerides: These are the most common form of fat found in the body and the main constituents of body fat in humans and animals. They store energy for later use.
  • Solubility: Due to its hydroxyl groups, glycerol is highly soluble in water, which assists in lipid transport in living organisms.
Besides its role in forming lipids, glycerol is also used in various industrial and medical applications. It is found in food products as a sweetener and is used in pharmaceuticals for its lubricating properties.
Organic compounds
Organic compounds are essential for life and are primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Lipids are a subtype of organic compounds, characterized by their hydrophobic nature, meaning they do not mix well with water. This property is crucial for the formation of biological membranes.
  • Carbon Backbone: The carbon atoms form the backbone of organic compounds, providing a strong and stable framework that supports complex structures.
  • Functional Groups: Different functional groups, like hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate, attach to the carbon backbone and define the compound鈥檚 properties and functions.
Lipids, as organic compounds, play a vast range of roles, from energy storage to acting as signaling molecules. This diversity highlights the versatility of carbon-based life.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Select the incorrect matching regarding the following diagram: (a) Purine Its metabolism forms uric acid (b) Uracil \(-\) It is exclusively found in RNA only (c) Adenylic acid \(-\) Monomer of both RNA and DNA (d) Cholesterol \(-\) Forms a part of cell membrane

\(\mathrm{CO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \Leftarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) Carbonic acid Which one of the following statement is incorrect about the above reaction? (a) In the absence of enzyme, the rate of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) formation is about 200 molecules per hour. (b) When carbonic anhydrase catalyses the same reaction, there is no change in the rate of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) formation. (c) The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme shows dramatically higher decrease speed about 600,000 molecules being formed every second (rate becomes 10 million times more). (d) The enzymes carbonic anhydrase occurs in abundance of RBC's.

Essential amino acids are those which are (a) Not synthesized by our body (b) Not required by our body (c) Synthesized by our body (d) Only used to form proteins

Match the column: Column I Column II A. Collagen 1\. Hormone B. Trypsin 2\. Enzyme C. Insulin - 3\. Fight Infectious agent D. Receptor - 4\. Enable glucose transport into cells E. GLUT-4 - 5\. Sensory reception (smell, taste hormone) F. Antibody 6\. Intercellular ground substance (a) \(\mathrm{A}-3, \mathrm{~B}-2, \mathrm{C}-4, \mathrm{D}-1, \mathrm{E}-6, \mathrm{~F}-5\) (b) \(\mathrm{A}-6, \mathrm{~B}-2, \mathrm{C}-1, \mathrm{D}-5, \mathrm{E}-4, \mathrm{~F}-3\) (c) \(\mathrm{A}-1, \mathrm{~B}-4, \mathrm{C}-2, \mathrm{D}-5, \mathrm{E}-3, \mathrm{~F}-6\) (d) A-2, B - 4, C-5, D-3, E-1, F-6

In glycogen, which kind of linkage is found between adjacent glucose molecule? (a) 1,4 (b) 1,6 (c) both (d) 1,2
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