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Assertion: Sharks are said to be ammonotelic animals. Reason: Sharks can retain considerable amounts of ammonia in their blood.

Assertion: The glomerular filtrate resembles the protein free plasma in composition and osmotic pressure. Reason: The glomerular capillary wall and inner membrance of Bowman's capsule are impermeable to large molecules.

Assertion: PCT reabsorbs nearly all essential nutrients and 70 to 80 per cent of the electrolyte and water from filterate. Reason: PCT is lined with brush border epithelium.

Assertion: Counter-current mechanism is responsible for the concentration of urine. Reason: Counter-current mechanism helps to maintain the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

Assertion: Aldosterone leads to the increase in blood pressure. Reason: Aldosterone causes reabsorbtion of sodium ion and water from distal part of tubules.

Assertion: Some amount of urea is retain in medullary interstitium. Reason: This is use to maintain require concentration in medullary interstitium.

Assertion: Urine produced (1 to \(1.5 \mathrm{~L}\) ) per day is far less than the volume of filtrate occur per day (18L). Reason: \(99 \%\) of filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

Assertion: Uraemia is harmful condition. Reason: Uraemia may lead to kidney failure

Assertion: Renal tubules use to maintain ionic balance and \(\mathrm{pH}\) of body fluids. Reason: \(\mathrm{H}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) could be secreted into filtrate by renal tubules.

Assertion: ANF decreases blood pressure. Reason: ANF causes vasodilation.