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Chapter 17: Problem 104

Receptors associated with aortic and carotid artery can recognize changes in and concentration and send necessary signal to for remedial action. (a) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}_{2}\), pneumotaxic (b) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{H}^{+}\), rhythm centre (c) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{H}^{+}\), apneustic centre (d) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{H}^{+}\), pneumotaxic

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is option (b): \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}, \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\), rhythm centre.

Step by step solution

01

Review the Function of Aortic and Carotid Receptors

These are chemoreceptors, primarily sensitive to the levels of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) ions in the blood.
02

Review the Remedial Centers

The chemoreceptors send signal to the rhythm center for necessary adjustments when they sense changes.
03

Choose the Correct Option

Given this information, the receptors associated with aortic and carotid artery can recognize changes in \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) concentration and send necessary signal to rhythm centre for remedial action. Hence, the correct answer must be option (b).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Aortic Receptors
The aortic receptors are specialized chemoreceptors located at the arch of the aorta. Their primary role is to detect changes in blood chemistry.
The aortic receptors closely monitor concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)) and hydrogen ions (H\(^+\)) in the blood. Stepping in when these levels rise, they help maintain balanced pH levels.
  • Sensitive to blood gas levels
  • Located strategically at the aortic arch
  • Integral to maintaining homeostasis
Any imbalance, such as an increase in CO\(_2\), prompts these receptors to signal the brain, triggering adjustments to restore equilibrium.
Carotid Receptors
Carotid receptors are located in the carotid arteries, which are key vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain. Like the aortic receptors, carotid receptors are chemoreceptors that detect changes in
  • Carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\))
  • Hydrogen ions (H\(^+\))
They are incredibly sensitive to the changes in the levels of these components. When the concentration of CO\(_2\) or H\(^+\) increases, they alert the respiratory centers to adjust the breathing rate.
By ensuring the proper balance of gases, these receptors play a crucial role in maintaining brain oxygenation and overall bodily function.
Respiratory Regulation
Respiratory regulation is a finely tuned process overseen by various centers in the brain. It ensures that breathing rates correspond to the body's needs. The rhythm center, located in the medulla oblongata, plays a pivotal role in this regulation. Signals from chemoreceptors, like those in the aorta and carotid arteries, guide the rhythm center.
- Adjusts breathing rate to balance gas concentrations- Maintains stable internal environments across different conditions
When CO\(_2\) levels in the blood rise, the rhythm center instructs the respiratory muscles to increase the rate and depth of breathing, enhancing oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion.
Carbon Dioxide Detection
The detection of carbon dioxide is a critical function of both aortic and carotid receptors. Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of cellular metabolism, dissolves in the blood and affects its acidity. When CO\(_2\) levels rise, chemoreceptors trigger responses to mitigate this increase.
  • Increased CO\(_2\) leads to elevated acidity (more H\(^+\))
  • Chemoreceptors detect these changes efficiently
  • Promptly signal remedial breathing adjustments
This feedback loop ensures the maintenance of physiological balance by prompting adjustments in respiratory rate, aligning it with metabolic demands.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Blood entering the lung is rich in (a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Urea (d) More RBCs

Select the total number of organism from the following which respire through their body surface. Sycon, Spongilla, Admsia, Taenia, Laccifer, Pila, Antedon, Gorgonia, Jelly fish (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8

Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Pleural fluid reduces friction on the lung surface. (b) The anatomical setup of lungs in thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is essential for breathing, as we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume. (c) The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by complete cartilaginous rings. (d) During swallowing, the glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.

Match the column: Column A Column B 1\. Asthma \- A. Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles. 2\. Emphysema \- B. Chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased. 3\. Occupational Respiratory Disorders \(-\) C. Long exposure of chemicals can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues). (a) \(1-\mathrm{A}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{C}\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{B}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{C}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{B}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{A}\)

Partial pressures (in \(\mathrm{mmHg}\) ) of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in atmospheric air, alveoli, deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood and tissues are (a) \(159,104,40,95,40\) (b) \(104,40,40,95,159\) (c) \(0.3,40,45,40,45\) (d) \(159,104,45,95,40\)
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