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Chapter 16: Problem 61

How many salivary glands are present in the human body? (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Short Answer

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The correct answer is (d) 6

Step by step solution

01

Recalling Salivary Gland Facts

In the human body, three major pairs of salivary glands can be identified. These are the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. So, we have 3 pairs or 6 salivary glands in total.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Parotid Glands
The parotid glands are the largest of the salivary glands and play a vital role in the process of digestion. These glands are located between the ear and the ascending branch of the lower jaw.
The primary function of the parotid glands is to produce saliva, which aids in the breakdown of food, particularly carbohydrates, during chewing.
  • The saliva secreted by the parotid glands is rich in enzymes, like amylase, which help in the digestion of starches.
  • These glands are also responsible for lubricating the mouth, making it easier to speak and swallow.
  • Any alteration in the function of the parotid glands can affect digestion and oral health.
Swelling or inflammation of the parotid glands, a condition known as parotitis, can cause discomfort and needs medical attention.
Overall, their contribution to saliva production is substantial, making them essential for healthy digestion and maintaining oral hygiene.
Submandibular Glands
Submandibular glands are another crucial pair of salivary glands found in the human body. Located beneath the lower jaw, these glands are responsible for producing a significant portion of daily saliva output.
They are largely involved in moistening the mouth and initiating digestion.
  • The submandibular glands contribute about 60-70% of the total saliva in the mouth.
  • This saliva contains enzymes that play a crucial role in breaking down food, protecting teeth from decay, and lubricating the oral cavity.
Issues with submandibular glands, such as infections or blockages, can greatly affect saliva flow and may lead to difficulties in swallowing or speaking.
Ensuring adequate hydration and oral hygiene are key practices to maintain the health of these glands.
Sublingual Glands
The sublingual glands are the smallest of the major salivary glands and are located beneath the tongue. Despite their small size, they have an important role in saliva production and oral health.
These glands lie on the floor of the mouth and primarily secrete mucus to aid in the lubrication of the oral cavity.
  • The sublingual glands produce a smaller volume of saliva compared to the other major glands.
  • The mucus-rich secretion helps to keep the mouth moist and comfortable, facilitating speech and swallowing.
  • Their location makes them susceptible to trauma, which can lead to swelling or discomfort.
Although they contribute less to the overall saliva production, the sublingual glands play a crucial supporting role in maintaining oral moisture and promoting proper oral hygiene.

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