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Chapter 5: Problem 43

Multiple-choice question: Which of the following medications used for seizures causes gingival hyperplasia, which is a side effect of the medication? A. Phenobarbital (Luminal) B. Valproic acid (Depakote) C. Carbamazapine (Tegretol) D. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Short Answer

Expert verified
D. Phenytoin (Dilantin) is the medication that causes gingival hyperplasia.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the medical term

Gingival hyperplasia is a medical term which describes an abnormal overgrowth of the gum tissue. It can be caused by various factors, one of which is certain medications.
02

Review options

The options A, B, C, and D present four medications used for seizures: Phenobarbital, Valproic acid, Carbamazapine, and Phenytoin.
03

Match medication with side effect

Phenytoin (Dilantin) is known to cause gingival hyperplasia. This is a common side effect in patients taking phenytoin for long periods.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Seizure Medications
Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, and levels of consciousness. Seizure medications, also known as anticonvulsants, are used to help control seizures in people with epilepsy or other seizure disorders. There is a variety of seizure medications on the market, each with specific mechanisms of action aimed at stabilizing electrical activity in the brain.

Some of the commonly prescribed seizure medications include:
  • Phenytoin (Dilantin): Often used for tonic-clonic and partial seizures.
  • Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Suitable for tonic-clonic and focal seizures.
  • Valproic acid (Depakote): Broad-spectrum seizure control.
  • Phenobarbital (Luminal): Primarily used in pediatric patients.

It's essential to monitor the effectiveness and any side effects when taking these medications, as they can vary widely from person to person.
Gingival Hyperplasia
Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of gum tissue that can lead to swollen, puffy gums that may bleed easily. While it can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor oral hygiene and certain systemic conditions, one of the well-documented side effects is from the use of certain medications.

Medications that are known to cause this condition include:
  • Phenytoin (Dilantin), used to treat seizures
  • Calcium channel blockers, used for treating hypertension
  • Immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine, used in transplant patients

Apart from medication, factors like genetics, hormonal changes, and the presence of oral inflammation or irritation can also contribute to the development of gingival hyperplasia.
Medication Side Effects
Every medication has the potential to cause side effects, and seizure medications are no exception. Recognizing these side effects is crucial for healthcare providers and patients alike.

Common side effects of seizure medications may include:
  • Drowsiness or fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Skin rashes or allergic reactions
  • Gastrointestinal issues, like nausea or vomiting
  • Cognitive disturbances, such as trouble focusing or memory issues

Some side effects are more serious and require medical attention, such as the gingival hyperplasia associated with Phenytoin (Dilantin). Patients must communicate any concerning symptoms with their healthcare provider to manage them appropriately.
Nursing Examination Preparation
Preparing for nursing examinations like the NCLEX-RN requires a strategic approach. It's important for nursing candidates to familiarize themselves with the format of the exam and the type of questions that may be asked. Topics such as pharmacology are significant as they form a considerable part of the examination.

To prepare for questions on medications and their side effects, students should:
  • Review various classes of drugs and their mechanisms of action
  • Understand common side effects and adverse drug reactions
  • Regularly take practice quizzes and engage in active recall for better retention
  • Stay updated with current guidelines and best practices in medication administration

Investing time into understanding concepts deeply, rather than just memorizing, will lead to a more robust ability to apply knowledge in clinical situations.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculation: Calculating therapeutic range for medications. Medication ordered: cefotaxime Dose given: \(200 \mathrm{mg}\) IV every 8 hours Dose range from pediatric medication reference is IV/IM: 100 to \(200 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg} /\) day every 6 to 8 hours Patient's weight is \(3.9 \mathrm{~kg}\) 1\. Therapeutic range is given as 100 to \(200 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg} /\) day every 6 to 8 hours. 2\. Calculate the therapeutic range for the infant's weight. 3\. Calculate the therapeutic range per dose. 4\. Check to see if the dose ordered falls within the therapeutic range per dose.

Multiple-choice question: While working one evening shift, the nurse caring for Amber notices a group of residents standing outside Amber's room reviewing her chart. When the nurse approaches them and asks them what they are doing, they respond "we heard this kid has a Wilms' tumor and we've never seen one. We want to look at it and palpate it." The nurse refuses to allow them to enter Amber's room and asks them all to leave the pediatric floor. In working with a child who has a Wilms' tumor, the nurse should caution health care workers against using palpation to assess the child because: A. Palpation will be painful. B. The lymph nodes may swell. C. Only physicians can feel the tumor. D. The tumor may spread if palpation is done.

Multiple-choice question: Which of the following is an important nursing consideration in caring for a child with impetigo? A. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation. B. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris. Keep lesions covered for several days before changing. C. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness in caring for an infected child and apply antibiotic cream as ordered. D. Examine child under a Woods lamp for possible spread of lesions.

Multiple-choice question: Because Marianne has suspected glomerulonephritis, the nurse would expect to see that she had a recent ______ infection. A. Urinary tract B. Streptococcal C. Blood D. Ear

Multiple-choice question: What symptoms would you expect for a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A. Dysuria, thirst, light-colored urine, ammonia smell to the urine. B. Dysuria, left-sided flank pain, and dark, foul-smelling urine. C. Oliguria, lower abdominal pain, yellow urine, ammonia smell to the urine, and epigastric pain D. Polyuria, lower abdominal pain, yellow urine, ammonia smell to the urine.
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