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Chapter 2: Problem 17

Identify the solute(s) and solvent(s) in a cup of instant coffee with sugar.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Water is the solvent, and instant coffee powder and sugar are the solutes.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Definitions

To solve this problem, we need to understand that a solute is a substance that is dissolved, while a solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. In mixtures, the component present in the largest amount is typically the solvent, and the components present in smaller amounts are the solutes.
02

Identify the Components

A cup of instant coffee with sugar contains water, instant coffee powder, and sugar. Water is typically the component present in the largest quantity in a coffee cup.
03

Determine the Solvent

Since water is the component present in the largest amount and it dissolves other substances, it acts as the solvent in this mixture.
04

Determine the Solutes

The substances being dissolved in the water are the solutes. In this mixture, both the instant coffee powder and sugar are dissolved in the water. Therefore, they are the solutes.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Solutes
The term "solute" might sound complicated, but it simply refers to any substance that gets dissolved in a solvent. When you think about your cup of instant coffee, imagine the tiny particles of coffee powder and sugar that disappear into the liquid. That's because they are solutes. Solutes are present in smaller amounts compared to solvents.
  • In the case of coffee with sugar, both the coffee powder and the sugar serve as the solutes.
  • Solutes are dispersed uniformly throughout the mixture by the solvent.
This makes the coffee taste consistently flavorful and sweet throughout every sip. Solutes can vary widely. They include powders, crystals, or even gases in some mixtures.
Solvents
A solvent is the part of a mixture that does the heavy lifting. It dissolves the solutes to form a homogeneous solution. In our coffee example, water is the solvent. This is because it is present in the greatest amount and it has the capacity to dissolve both coffee powder and sugar.
  • Solvents can dissolve more than one type of solute, allowing for a variety of them in a single mixture.
  • Water, known as the "universal solvent," is commonly used because it can dissolve many different substances.
These properties make water an excellent solvent in mixtures where you want different substances to fully blend, like in beverages, cleaning products, or even in chemical reactions.
Mixtures
When you combine two or more substances without any chemical reaction, you create a mixture. In the simplest terms, mixtures are simply the combination of solutes dissolved in a solvent.
  • In your cup of coffee with sugar, the instant coffee, sugar, and water combine to form a mixture.
  • All components of a mixture retain their original properties. This means you could, theoretically, separate the water from the sugar and coffee if needed.
Mixtures can be homogeneous, meaning they are uniform throughout like hot coffee, or heterogeneous with discernible parts. Thus, mixtures showcase the unique ability of individual substances to come together while keeping their own characteristics intact.

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