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Chapter 23: Problem 18

In humans, the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus) primarily infects: (a) Heart muscle cells (b) Cells lining the alveoli (c) B lymphocytes (d) Sensory neurons (e) Cells of the intestinal epithelium

Short Answer

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(c) B lymphocytes

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Epstein-Barr virus

First, identify what the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known for. EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common viruses in humans. It is primarily known for causing infectious mononucleosis, often referred to as "mono" or the "kissing disease."
02

Identify target cells of EBV

EBV primarily targets and infects specific types of immune cells in the human body, particularly focusing on a type of white blood cell.
03

Associate EBV with B lymphocytes

Among the different types of cells within the immune system, EBV is particularly known to infect B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes (B cells) are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system, responsible for producing antibodies.
04

Choose the correct response

Given the answer choices, knowing that EBV primarily infects B lymphocytes, select the option that accurately corresponds to these cells, which is (c) B lymphocytes.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Infectious Mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis, often simply called "mono," is a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is sometimes referred to as the "kissing disease" because it is mainly spread through saliva.
Symptoms of mono can include:
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Headaches
  • Body aches
These symptoms can appear four to six weeks after the initial infection. Mono is most common in teenagers and young adults. Usually, there is no need for a specific medication; just rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relief are recommended.
This illness typically runs its course in about two to four weeks, but some people might experience tiredness for several months after other symptoms have disappeared.
The Role of B Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes, also known as B cells, are a type of white blood cell important for the immune system. They are part of the adaptive immune system, which is crucial for fighting off diseases and infections. Unlike innate immunity, which provides a general defense, the adaptive immune system can remember specific pathogens.
Here鈥檚 more about B cells:
  • B cells produce antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target and neutralize pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
  • They are produced in the bone marrow and mature into different types that either circulate in the bloodstream or reside in the lymph nodes.
  • Upon encountering a specific pathogen, B cells can differentiate into plasma cells that produce large quantities of antibodies.
B lymphocytes play a critical role in the body's ability to remember past infections and to provide immunity.
Exploring the Adaptive Immune System
The adaptive immune system is one of the body's defense mechanisms that specifically targets pathogens based on exposure. This part of the immune system "remembers" prior infections and provides a stronger response upon re-exposure. Here鈥檚 how it works:
  • The adaptive immune system consists of specialized cells such as B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells).
  • B cells are responsible for producing antibodies specific to the pathogens they encounter.
  • T cells, on the other hand, help in eliminating infected cells and orchestrate the activity of other immune cells.
  • This system adapts to diverse pathogens, providing long-term immunity.
With the adaptive system, vaccinations can offer protection by teaching the body how to recognize and combat particular pathogens without causing the disease itself. Overall, the adaptive immune system is essential for targeting specific threats and providing lasting immunity.

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