/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 11 Match the following general repl... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 10: Problem 11

Match the following general replication steps to their description and place them in order: ___, ___Release ___, ___Adsorption ___, ___Maturation ___, ___Penetration ___, ___Synthesis (a) Host metabolic machinery is used to produce new nucleic acid molecules, capsid proteins, and other viral components (b) Entry of virion genome into the host cell (c) Attachment of viruses to host cell (d) Departure of new virions from host cell, generally with lysis of host cell (e) Assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete virions

Short Answer

Expert verified
Order: Adsorption (c), Penetration (b), Synthesis (a), Maturation (e), Release (d).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Options

The process of viral replication involves several steps, which must be matched with their descriptions. The task is to place these steps in the correct order of the viral replication cycle. The descriptions provided correspond to various stages: (a) synthesis of components, (b) genome entry, (c) attachment to the host, (d) release of virions, and (e) assembly into complete virions.
02

Adsorption

Adsorption is the first step where the virus attaches to the surface of the host cell. This is described by option (c), "Attachment of viruses to host cell." Therefore, Adsorption matches with option (c).
03

Penetration

Penetration follows adsorption and involves the entry of the virion's genome into the host cell. This step is described by option (b), "Entry of virion genome into the host cell." So, Penetration matches with option (b).
04

Synthesis

After the genome has entered, the host's machinery is used to synthesize new viral components such as nucleic acids and proteins. This corresponds to option (a), "Host metabolic machinery is used to produce new nucleic acid molecules, capsid proteins, and other viral components," thus matching it with Synthesis.
05

Maturation

Maturation involves the assembly of the newly synthesized viral components into complete viral particles. This is described by option (e), "Assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete virions," matching it with Maturation.
06

Release

The final step is the release, where the new virions depart from the host cell, usually involving the lysis of the cell. This is defined by option (d), "Departure of new virions from host cell, generally with lysis of host cell," corresponding to Release.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Adsorption
Adsorption is the initial step of viral replication where the virus attaches to a specific receptor on the surface of the host cell. This attachment is crucial, as it determines the specificity of the virus to the host. The binding is often specific due to protein interactions. Think of it as a lock and key mechanism, where the virus has a specific 'key' that fits the 'lock' present on the host cell.
After adsorption, the virus is firmly attached to the cell and ready to move on to the next step.
  • Attachment is selective, ensuring only compatible host cells are invaded.
  • Proteins on the virus surface bind to corresponding proteins on the cell.
Without successful adsorption, a virus cannot continue to replicate as it cannot enter the host cell.
Penetration
Penetration is the step following adsorption, involving the entry of the viral genome into the host cell. This can occur through different processes like direct penetration, membrane fusion, or endocytosis.
  • Direct penetration is when the virus directly injects its genetic material into the host.
  • Membrane fusion occurs when the viral envelope fuses with the host cell membrane, releasing the viral genome inside.
  • Endocytosis involves the host cell engulfing the virus through a vesicle.
Penetration ensures that the virus's genetic material is now inside the cell, ready to be replicated.
Synthesis
Synthesis is the third step in the viral replication process. Once the viral genome is inside the host cell, it hijacks the host's metabolic machinery. This involves using the host's ribosomes, enzymes, and cellular energy to produce new viral components.
During synthesis:
  • New viral nucleic acids are replicated.
  • Proteins that form the viral capsid are synthesized.
  • Other essential components for a complete virion are produced.
The virus effectively turns the host cell into a factory to produce parts for new virions.
Maturation
Maturation involves the assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete, functional virions. This step ensures that all parts such as the nucleic acid and protein capsid come together to form a complete virus.
  • The genome is encapsulated by the protein shell.
  • Additional structures, if necessary, are also added.
Maturation prepares the virus to be infectious, ready for the next and final step of release.
Release
The final step in the viral life cycle is the release of newly formed virions from the host cell. This often involves lysis, where the cell is destroyed to liberate the virus particles. In some cases, budding occurs, where the viruses exit the cell without killing it.
  • Lysis results in the breakdown of the host cell, releasing multiple viral particles.
  • Budding is a slower process but allows the virus to acquire a part of the host's membrane for its own envelope.
The release marks the end of the viral replication cycle and allows the new virions to infect other cells, continuing the cycle.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In what way do animal viruses differ from each other? (a) All animal viruses are RNA viruses. (b) The RNA in RNA viruses can have different functions depending on the type of virus, whereby it can be used as a template for protein synthesis, mRNA production, or DNA production. (c) Depending on the type of virus, release can occur through either lysis or by budding through the host membrane. (d) DNA viruses differ from RNA viruses in that the genomes of DNA viruses always incorporate as a provirus into the host cell's chromosome. (e) Both \(b\) and \(c\).

Which of the following is not a DNA virus? (a) Adenovirus (b) Poxvirus (c) Papovavirus (d) Herpesvirus (e) Orthomyxovirus

Match the following viral structures to their descriptions: _____Capsid _____Virion _____Spike _____Envelope _____Naked virus _____Nucleocapsid (a) Surrounding lipid bilayer membrane (b) Complete virus particle, including envelope if it has one (c) Surrounding protein coat (d) Projection made of glycoprotein that serves to attach virions to specific receptor sites (e) Virion's genome together with capsid (f) Virus with a nucleocapsid but no envelope

Bacteriophages that can enter into stable, long-term relationships with their hosts are called: (a) Lytic phages (b) Defective phages (c) Virulent phages (d) Lazy phages (e) Temperate phages

Which of the following properties do viruses have in common with the bacterial section containing Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae? (a) They are both the same size. (b) They both have RNA strands for their genomes. (c) They are both obligate intracellular parasites. (d) They both contain enzymes for glucose metabolism. (e) None of the above.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Cell Communication

Read Explanation

Biological Structures

Read Explanation

Astrobiological Science

Read Explanation

Organ Systems

Read Explanation

Cell Cycle

Read Explanation

Ecosystems

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.