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Chapter 26: Problem 11

Which are risk factors for cholelithiasis? Mark all that apply. a._____ Use of oral contraceptives b._____ Female gender c._____ Elevated serum bilirubin d._____ Fair skin e._____ Obesity f._____ Elevated serum calcium g._____ Diet high in legumes

Short Answer

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a, b, c, e

Step by step solution

01

Understand Cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis refers to the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder. It is important to recall which factors increase the likelihood of developing gallstones.
02

Identify Risk Factors

Recall the common risk factors for cholelithiasis. Typical risk factors include female gender, obesity, certain medications like oral contraceptives, and conditions that cause increased bilirubin production.
03

Evaluate Each Option

Evaluate each given option to determine if it is a known risk factor for cholelithiasis:a. Use of oral contraceptives - YESb. Female gender - YESc. Elevated serum bilirubin - YESd. Fair skin - NO e. Obesity - YESf. Elevated serum calcium - NOg. Diet high in legumes - NO
04

Conclusion

The risk factors for cholelithiasis from the provided list are: a, b, c, and e.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

female gender
Cholelithiasis, or gallstone formation, affects women more frequently than men. Women are twice as likely to develop gallstones due to hormonal influences.
Estrogen, a primary female hormone, increases the cholesterol levels in bile. Higher cholesterol levels can lead to the formation of gallstones.
Additionally, pregnancy can further complicate matters by slowing down bile movement, which can result in gallstones forming. Knowing these hormonal influences helps to understand why female gender is a significant risk factor.
obesity
Obesity is another critical risk factor for cholelithiasis. People who are obese have higher levels of cholesterol in their bile, which can create gallstones.
The more body weight a person carries, the greater their risk of gallstone formation.
Obesity also decreases the gallbladder's ability to empty properly, causing bile to linger and stones to form.
Losing weight through a healthy diet and regular exercise can help reduce this risk significantly.
oral contraceptives
The use of oral contraceptives, which contain estrogen, can also increase the risk of developing gallstones.
Similar to how natural estrogen in the body affects bile cholesterol levels, the estrogen in oral contraceptives does the same.
This influence can lead to an increased chance of gallstone formation in women who use these medications.
It's always good to discuss potential side effects like this with a healthcare provider when considering birth control options.
elevated serum bilirubin
Elevated serum bilirubin is another known risk factor for cholelithiasis. Bilirubin is a substance produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells.
Conditions that cause excessive breakdown of these cells, like hemolytic anemia, increase bilirubin levels in the blood.
This bilirubin can then crystallize and form pigment stones in the gallbladder.
Monitoring and managing conditions that affect bilirubin levels can help reduce this risk.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For which complication of pancreatitis is the nurse monitoring when the client is asked about the presence of numbness and tingling around the lips? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypocalcemic tetany c. Hemorrhagic shock d. Hyponatremia (continued)

Which lab values are consistent with a diagnosis of hepatitis? Mark all that apply. 3\. Increased AST b. Increased ESR c. Increased serum bilirubin d. Increased AlT

A client suspected of having cirrhosis asks what test will confirm the diagnosis. What is the nurse's most appropriate reply? a. Measures of liver enzymes: AlT and AST b. CT scan c. Lver biopsy d. Prothrombine Time (PT)

A cllent asks what is the difference between gallstone dissolution therapy and lithorripsy. On which Fact should the nurse's response be based? a. Lithotripsy involves crushing gallstones through an endoscope; dissolution therapy involves using a chemical. b. Dissolution therapy involves inserting a T-rube; lithotripsy involves use of radiation. c. Lithotripsy uses sound waves to break up stones; dissolution therapy uses p.o. or IV substances to dissolve them. d. Dissolution therapy uses a combination of drugs and radio waves; lithotripsy uses a laser to destroy stones.

The spouse of a client with pancreatitis asks what is the reason for the NG tube? Which fact should form the basis of the nurse's reply? a. To prevent vomiting b. To remove gastric contents so they dont enter the intestine c. To allow for monitoring of gastric \(\mathrm{pH}\) d. To protect the gastric lining from pancreatic enzymes
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