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Name the zones of the adrenal cortex and the primary hormones secreted in each zone.

Name the thyroid hormones. Which one has the highest activity? How and where is most of it produced?

Define each of the following terms and explain its physiological significance: a. melanocortins b. osteoporosis c. hydroxyapatite d. mineralocorticoid c. trabecular bone f. POMC g. epiphyseal plates

List seven functions of calcium in the body.

Make a table showing the effects of cortisol, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.

Mapping exercise: Create a reflex map with feedhack loops for each of the following situations: a. hypercortisolism from an adrenal tumor b. hypercortisolism from a pituitary tumor c. hyperthyroidism from a hormone-secreting thyroid tumor d. hypothyroidism from a pituitary problem that decreases TSH synthesis

Define, compare, and contrast or relate the terms in cach set: a. cortisol, glucocorticoids, ACTH, CRH b. thyroid, C cell, follicle, colloid c. thyroglobulin, tyrosine, iodide, TBG, deiodinase, TSH, TRH d. somatotropin, IGF, GHRH, somatostatin, growth hormonebinding protein c. giantism, acromegaly, dwarfism f. hyperplasia, hypertrophy g. osteoblast, osteoclast, chondrocyte, osteocyte h. vitamin D, calcitriol, 1,25 -dihydroxycholecalciferol, calcitonin, estrogen, P?H

Based on what you know about the cellular mechanism of action for \(\mathrm{T}_{3}\), would you expect to see tissue response to this hormone within a few minutes or in more than an hour?

If average plasma \(\left[\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\right]\) is \(2.5 \mathrm{mmol} / \mathrm{L}\), what is the concentration in \(\mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) ?

Diabetic patients who have surgery, become sick, or are under other physiological stress are told to monitor their blood sugar carefully because they may need to increase their insulin dose temporarily. What is the physiological explanation behind this advice?