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Chapter 6: Problem 4

List the events required for a fetus to develop as a female.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For a fetus to develop as a female, it must have two X chromosomes, leading to the development of the initially bipotential gonads into ovaries. Absence of the Y chromosome and the consequent lack of testosterone causes the M眉llerian ducts to develop into the uterus and Fallopian tubes and the regression of the Wolffian ducts. Additionally, during puberty, female hormones bring about the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Step by step solution

01

Genetic Determination

The foundation of sex determination in humans is the XX/XY system. At fertilisation, if the egg is fertilised by a sperm carrying an X chromosome, the result is a zygote with XX genotype, predisposing the individual towards female development. Males have XY configuration.
02

Absence of Y chromosome

In the absence of a functional Y chromosome, the bipotential gonads develop into ovaries by default, around the 8th week of gestation.
03

Hormonal Influence

Around the 12th week, the ovaries start producing female hormones (estrogens), which influence the development of the secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. Furthermore, the absence of male hormones (androgens) results in the M眉llerian ducts developing into the uterus and Fallopian tubes, and the regression of the Wolffian ducts.
04

Additional Development

Additional changes happen post-birth. During puberty, hormones trigger the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and the start of menstruation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How might \(X\) inactivation cause patchy hairiness in women who have congenital generalized hypertrichosis, even though the disease-causing allele is dominant?

Cite evidence that may point to a hereditary component to homosexuality.

How does \(x\) inactivation even out the "doses" of \(x\) -linked genes between the sexes?

State two reasons why males with \(X\) -linked dominant conditions are very rare.

Traits that appear more frequently in one sex than the other may be caused by genes that are inherited in an X-linked, sex-limited, or sex-influenced fashion. How might you distinguish among these possibilities in a given individual?
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