Problem 22 State how each of the following ... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 17: Problem 22

State how each of the following alters immune system functions: a. a vaccine b. an antibiotic drug c. a cytokine-based drug d. an antihistamine drug e. a transplant

Short Answer

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a. Vaccines stimulate the body to create an immune response to a specific disease. b. Antibiotics kill or inhibit bacteria, indirectly affecting immune system function. c. Cytokine-based drugs, integral in cell signaling within the immune system, manipulate the immune response. d. Antihistamines inhibit histamine, suppressing the allergic response but not directly impacting the immune system. e. Transplants introduce foreign cells into the body, triggering an immune response that may lead to graft rejection, necessitating immune suppression.

Step by step solution

Explanation of the impact of vaccines on immune system

a. A vaccine exposes the body to an antigen that triggers an immune response. As such, vaccines stimulate the immune system to generate a specific immune response to an infectious disease, thereby inducing immunological memory and protecting the body from subsequent infections.

Explanation of the impact of antibiotics on immune system

b. An antibiotic kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria by targeting processes that are essential for their life or replication, but antibiotics don鈥檛 directly affect the immune system. However, antibiotics can indirectly affect immune system function by altering the body's microbiota, their long-term use could potentially impact the microbiome and subsequently, immune responses.

Explanation of the impact of cytokine-based drugs on immune system

c. Cytokines are small proteins that play crucial roles in cell signaling within the immune system. They help regulate the immune response and have roles in inflammation and immune cell maturation. Therefore, cytokine-based drugs can modulate the immune system's responses and are used in various ways depending on the type of cytokine. Some might reduce inflammation, and others might stimulate immune responses. These types of drugs are commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases and cancers.

Explanation of the impact of antihistamines on immune system

d. Antihistamines inhibit the action of histamine, a molecule released during allergic reactions that causes inflammation and other symptoms. Therefore, they can suppress certain aspects of the allergic response but do not directly impact the function of the immune system.

Explanation of the impact of transplants on immune system

e. A transplant, whether it's organ, tissue, or cell transplantation, introduces foreign cells into the body. The immune system recognizes these cells as foreign and may mount an immune response, leading to graft rejection. To avoid this, patients receive immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the body's immune response and prevent the newly transplanted cell or tissue from being attacked by the immune system.

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State how each of the following alters immune system functions: a. a vaccine b. an antibiotic drug c. a cytokine-based drug d. an antihistamine drug e. a transplant

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Explanation of the impact of vaccines on immune system

Explanation of the impact of antibiotics on immune system

Explanation of the impact of cytokine-based drugs on immune system

Explanation of the impact of antihistamines on immune system

Explanation of the impact of transplants on immune system

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