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Chapter 13: Problem 21

Explain how the sequence of genes on an isochromosome differs from normal.

Short Answer

Expert verified
An isochromosome has two identical arms, either 'p' or 'q', unlike a normal chromosome that has different 'p' and 'q' arms. Thus, the gene sequence on an isochromosome is a duplicate of either all 'p' or 'q' arm genes, leading to some genes being duplicated and others lost.

Step by step solution

01

Defining Isochromosome

An isochromosome is an abnormal chromosome that has two identical arms. Instead of one arm having the genes from the mother and the other from the father, both arms are identical and can come from either parent.
02

Understanding Normal Chromosome Composition

In a normal chromosome, one arm (the 'p' arm) is short and the other arm (the 'q' arm) is long. Each arm contains different genes; there are no two identical arms in a normal chromosome.
03

Comparing Isochromosome and Normal Chromosome

An isochromosome has either two 'p' arms or two 'q' arms, which is different from a normal chromosome. The gene sequence in an isochromosome would consist of a duplication of either all 'p' arm genes or all 'q' arm genes.
04

Understanding the Implication of Gene Sequence Difference

As a result of the identical arms, isochromosomes typically cause a duplication of some genes and a loss of others. This can lead to diseases due to the abnormal number of gene copies.

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