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Chapter 11: Problem 11

Name a mechanism that silences transcription of a gene and a mechanism that blocks translation of an mRNA.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Transcription of a gene can be silenced by a mechanism called DNA methylation, and translation of an mRNA can be blocked by a mechanism called RNA interference (RNAi).

Step by step solution

01

Gene Silencing Mechanism

Gene silencing is a mechanism in which a gene's expression is turned off or reduced. One of the mechanisms that can silence transcription of a gene is DNA methylation. In this process, methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule which hinders the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription.
02

Mechanism to block mRNA translation

Translation of an mRNA can be blocked by a process called RNA interference (RNAi). In this process, a small non-coding RNA molecule known as siRNA (short interfering RNA) binds to mRNA and prevents it from being translated into protein. The siRNA guides an enzyme complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) to the mRNA molecule, which then cleaves the mRNA, preventing it from being used as a template in protein synthesis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain how a mutation in a promoter can affect gene expression.

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Describe three ways that the number of proteins exceeds the number of protein- encoding genes in the human genome.

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