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Chapter 10: Problem 11

Describe three ways RNA is altered after it is transcribed.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The three ways RNA is altered after it is transcribed are through capping at the 5' end, splicing to remove introns and join exons, and polyadenylation at the 3' end.

Step by step solution

01

Description of Capping

The first modification that happens to RNA is capping. This occurs at the 5' end of the pre-mRNA molecule. During capping, 7-methylguanosine is added to the pre-mRNA transcript, forming a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge. This cap is important for the stability of the mRNA and plays a crucial role in the translation process later on by helping the ribosome identify the start of the mRNA.
02

Description of Splicing

The second modification is splicing. During splicing, the introns (regions of the RNA sequence that do not code for proteins) are removed and the exons (regions that do code for proteins) are joined together. This is done by a protein-RNA complex called spliceosome. This process ensures that only protein-coding sequences are included in the final, mature mRNA transcript.
03

Description of Polyadenylation

The final modification is called polyadenylation which happens at the 3' end of the mRNA molecule. Here, a poly-A tail consisting of approximately 200 adenine bases is added to the mRNA transcript. The poly-A tail protects the mRNA from degradation and assists in the export of the mature mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain how complementary base pairing is responsible for a. the structure of the DNA double helix. b. DNA replication. c. transcription of RNA from DNA. d. the attachment of mRNA to a ribosome. e. codon/anticodon pairing. f. tRNA conformation.

Describe the events of transcription initiation.

Why would an overlapping genetic code be restrictive?

Explain how a protein can be infectious.

A retrovirus has RNA as its genetic material. When it infects a cell, it uses enzymes to copy its RNA into DNA, which then integrates into the host cell's chromosome. Is this flow of genetic information consistent with the central dogma? Why or why not?
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