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Chapter 7: Problem 4

What is the difference between an \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\)and an Hfr strain? Which type of strain do you expect to transfer many bacterial genes to recipient cells?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The difference between F+ and Hfr strain lies in the location of the F plasmid - it remains separate in the F+ strain, but becomes integrated into the chromosomal DNA in the Hfr strain. Hfr strains are expected to transfer many more bacterial genes to recipient cells due to the larger sections of DNA they can transfer.

Step by step solution

01

Define F+ and Hfr Strains

The F+ (F positive) strain has an F plasmid (a small DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosomal DNA) that allows it to function as a donor during conjugation, a type of gene transfer in bacteria. On the other hand, an Hfr (High Frequency of Recombination) strain is a bacterial strain with an F plasmid that has become integrated into the chromosomal DNA.
02

Differences between F+ and Hfr strains

The primary difference between the F+ and Hfr strains lies in the location of the F plasmid. While it stays separate in the F+ strain, it merges with the chromosomal DNA in the Hfr strain. Moreover, the F+ can transfer the whole F factor to the recipient cell during conjugation, while Hfr strains can transfer only parts of the F factor.
03

Evaluate Transferability of Genes

Hfr strains would be expected to transfer more bacterial genes to recipient cells. The integration of the F factor into the chromosome in Hfr strains allows for the transfer of much larger sections of DNA, therefore transferring more bacterial genes. Conversely, F+ strains only transfer the F factor which carries less genetic information.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Each species of bacteria has its own distinctive cell surface. The characteristics of the cell surface play an important role in processes such as conjugation and transduction. For example, certain strains of \(E\). coli have pili on their cell surface. These pili enable E. coli to conjugate with other \(E\). coli and also enable certain bacteriophages (such as M13) to bind to the surface of the E. coli and gain entry into the cytoplasm. With these ideas in mind, explain which forms of genetic transfer (i.e., conjugation, transduction, and transformation) are more likely to occur between different species of bacteria. Discuss some of the potential consequences of interspecies genetic transfer.

Which bacterial genetic transfer process does not require recombination with the bacterial chromosome?

As described in Figure 7.10, host DNA is hydrolyzed into small pieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins, creating a phage with bacterial chromosomal DNA. If the breakage of the chromosomal DNA is not random (i.e., it is more likely to break at certain spots as opposed to other spots), how might nonrandom breakage affect cotransduction frequency?

The terms conjugation, transduction, and transformation are used to describe three different natural forms of genetic transfer between bacterial cells. Briefly discuss the similarities and differences among these processes.

Think about the structure and transmission of \(\mathrm{F}\) factors and discuss how you think \(\mathrm{F}\) factors may have originated.
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