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Chapter 7: Problem 14
Which bacterial genetic transfer process does not require recombination with the bacterial chromosome?
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Each species of bacteria has its own distinctive cell surface. The characteristics of the cell surface play an important role in processes such as conjugation and transduction. For example, certain strains of \(E\). coli have pili on their cell surface. These pili enable E. coli to conjugate with other \(E\). coli and also enable certain bacteriophages (such as M13) to bind to the surface of the E. coli and gain entry into the cytoplasm. With these ideas in mind, explain which forms of genetic transfer (i.e., conjugation, transduction, and transformation) are more likely to occur between different species of bacteria. Discuss some of the potential consequences of interspecies genetic transfer.
If you mix together an equal number of \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)cells, how would you expect the proportions to change over time? In other words, do you expect an increase in the relative proportion of \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\) or of \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)cells? Explain your answer.
Researchers who study the molecular mechanism of transformation have identified many proteins in bacteria that function in the uptake of DNA from the environment and its recombination into the host cell's chromosome. This means that bacteria have evolved molecular mechanisms for the purpose of transformation by extracellular DNA. What advantage(s) does a bacterium derive from importing DNA from the environment and/or incorporating it into its chromosome?
Conjugation is sometimes called bacterial mating. Is it a form of sexual reproduction? Explain.
Think about the structure and transmission of \(\mathrm{F}\) factors and discuss how you think \(\mathrm{F}\) factors may have originated.
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