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Chapter 5: Problem 2

Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal effect genes. Explain how the maternal effect occurs at the cellular level. What are the expected functional roles of the proteins that are encoded by maternal effect genes?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Maternal effect genes are those whose expression in a mother's egg directly affects the phenotype of her offspring regardless of the offspring's genotype. At the cellular level, the proteins, encoded by maternal effect genes and produced during oogenesis in the mother's body, are crucial for early embryonic development such as cell division, cell differentiation, and body plan formation.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Maternal Effect Genes

Maternal effect genes are those in which the genotype of the mother directly determines the phenotype of her offspring, regardless of the offspring's genotype. This happens because the mother's gene is expressed during oogenesis contributing to the egg cytoplasm, and influences the development of the offspring.
02

Maternal Effect at the Cellular Level

During oogenesis, the mother's cells produce mRNA and proteins derived from the mother's genotype. These molecules are then incorporated into the egg's cytoplasm. After fertilization, during the initial stages of embryogenesis, the embryo relies on these maternal supplies for initial development as the embryonic genes are not yet activated.
03

Functional Roles of Proteins Encoded by Maternal Effect Genes

The proteins encoded by maternal effect genes generally play key roles in early embryonic development. They are involved in processes such as cell division, differentiation, and the establishment of body plan. A failure in these proteins may result in developmental defects or failure in embryo development.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

On rare occasions, people are born with a condition known as uniparental disomy. It happens when an individual inherits both copies of a chromosome from one parent and no copies from the other parent. This occurs when two abnormal gametes happen to complement each other to produce a diploid zygote. For example, an abnormal sperm that lacks chromosome 15 could fertilize an egg that contains two copies of chromosome 15. In this situation, the individual has maternal uniparental disomy 15 because both copies of chromosome 15 were inherited from the mother. Alternatively, an abnormal sperm with two copies of chromosome 15 could fertilize an egg with no copies. This is known as paternal uniparental disomy 15 . If a female is born with paternal uniparental disomy 15, would you expect her to be phenotypically normal, have Angelman syndrome (AS), or have Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)? Explain. Would you expect her to produce normal offspring or offspring affected with AS or PWS?

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