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Chapter 4: Problem 7

A seed dealer wants to sell four-o'clock seeds that will produce only a single color of flowers (red, white, or pink). Explain how this should be done.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For red flowers, seeds should be produced from two red parent plants. For white flowers, both parents need to be white. For pink flowers, seeds from two pink parent plants should be used, although the result will also include red and white flowers.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Genetic Basis of Flower Color in Four-o'clock Plants

The color of four-o'clock flowers is determined by the allele present in the plant's genes. The red color is due to a 'dominant' allele (R), white is due to a 'recessive' allele (r) and the pink color is formed due to the presence of both alleles (Rr).
02

Producing Red Flower Seeds

To produce red flowers, the seeds need to inherit the 'R' allele from both parents. Therefore, the dealer should cross two red-flowered plants (RR & RR) that carry only the red 'R' allele.
03

Producing White Flower Seeds

To produce white flowers, both parent plants must carry only the 'r' allele. Thus, the dealer should cross two white-flowered plants (rr & rr), resulting in white-flowered seeds.
04

Producing Pink Flower Seeds

To produce pink flowers, which result from the presence of both 'R' and 'r' alleles, the dealer would need to cross red and white plants (RR & rr). However, the progeny would be a mix of red and white only. Crossing two pink plants (Rr & Rr) would yield a percentage of pink, red, and white flowers.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a single gene that can exist as a red allele \((R)\) or a white allele \((r)\). The heterozygotes \((R r)\) have a color called roan that looks less red than the \(R R\) homozygotes. However, when examined carefully, the roan phenotype in cattle is actually due to a mixture of completely red hairs and completely white hairs. Should this be called incomplete dominance, codominance, or something else? Explain your reasoning.

What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a gene interaction be explained at the molecular level?

In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white feathers due to an autosomal dominant allele. Silkies have white feathers due to a recessive allele in a second (different) gene. If a true-breeding white Leghorn is crossed to a true-breeding white Silkie, what is the expected phenotype of the \(F_{1}\) generation? If members of the \(F_{1}\) generation are mated to each other, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? Assume the chickens in the parental generation are homozygous for the white allele at one gene and homozygous for the brown allele at the other gene. In subsequent generations, nonwhite birds will be brown.

Let's suppose a recessive allele encodes a completely defective protein. If the functional allele is dominant, what does that tell you about the amount of the functional protein that is sufficient to cause the phenotype? What if the allele shows incomplete dominance?

Which blood type phenotypes (A, B, AB, and/or \(\mathrm{O})\) provide an unambiguous genotype? Is it possible for a couple to produce a family of children in which all four blood types are represented? If so, what would the genotypes of the parents have to be?
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