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Chapter 28: Problem 18

What is the difference between broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability? Why is narrow-sense heritability such a useful concept in the field of agricultural genetics?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Broad-sense heritability (H^2) encompasses all genetic influences on a trait, including additive and non-additive effects. Narrow-sense heritability (h^2) considers only the additive genetic influences. Narrow-sense heritability is especially valuable in agricultural genetics as it signifies the degree to which observable traits can be passed onto succeeding generations, thus improving the effectiveness of selective breeding.

Step by step solution

01

Define Broad-Sense Heritability

Broad-sense heritability (H^2) is a genetic term used to express the total phenotypic variance of a trait in a population that can be attributed to genetic variance. That is, it considers both additive and non-additive genetic factors. Mathematically, it can be expressed as: \(H^{2} = \frac{V_G}{V_P}\), where \(V_G\) is the genetic variance and \(V_P\) is the total phenotypic variance.
02

Define Narrow-Sense Heritability

Narrow-sense heritability (h^2) is a subset of broad-sense heritability. It represents the proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to additive genetic variance alone, i.e., the variance due to the average effects of alleles. It can be expressed as: \(h^{2} = \frac{V_A}{V_P}\) where \(V_A\) is the additive genetic variance among individuals.
03

Explain the Importance of Narrow-Sense Heritability in Agricultural Genetics

Narrow-sense heritability is a crucial concept in agricultural genetics because it directly relates to the response of a trait to selection. In agriculture, the aim is often to increase the frequency of desirable traits in a population (e.g., crop yield, disease resistance). The degree to which these traits can be passed from parent to offspring (heritability) determines the success of selection. A high narrow-sense heritability indicates that more of the observed variation can be passed onto successive generations, enhancing the efficiency of selective breeding.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is a frequency distribution? Explain how such a graph is made for a quantitative trait that is continuous.

Explain the difference between a continuous trait and a discontinuous trait. Give two examples of each. Are quantitative traits likely to be continuous or discontinuous? Explain why.

What is a normal distribution? Discuss this curve with regard to quantitative traits within a population. What is the relationship between the standard deviation and the normal distribution?

When a correlation coefficient is statistically significant, what do you conclude about the two variables? What do the results mean with regard to cause and effect?

From an agricultural point of view, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding. It is common for plant breeders to take two different, highly inbred strains, which are the product of many generations of selective breeding, and cross them to make hybrids. How does this approach overcome some of the disadvantages of selective breeding?
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