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Chapter 27: Problem 23

Does inbreeding affect allele frequencies? Why or why not? How does it affect genotype frequencies? With regard to rare recessive diseases, what are the consequences of inbreeding in human populations?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Inbreeding does not influence allele frequencies in a population but increases genotype frequencies of homozygotes and reduces those of heterozygotes. This increased homozygosity due to inbreeding contributes to a higher prevalence of rare recessive diseases in human populations as offspring from related parents have a higher likelihood of inheriting two copies of detrimental alleles.

Step by step solution

01

Inbreeding and Allele Frequencies

Inbreeding, which refers to mating between genetically related individuals, does not impact allele frequencies - the proportion of different versions of a gene in a population. An allele frequency can only change due to different factors like mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. Inbreeding itself does not result in the creation, removal or redistribution of alleles and thus does not influence allele frequencies.
02

Inbreeding and Genotype Frequencies

Though inbreeding does not affect allele frequencies, it does impact genotype frequencies. Inbreeding is known to increase the frequency of homozygotes (organisms with two of the same allele for a gene) and decrease the frequency of heterozygotes (organisms with two different alleles for a gene). This is mainly because relatives are more likely to share the same alleles, leading to more homozygosity within the population.
03

Inbreeding and Rare Recessive Diseases

In terms of the consequences for rare recessive diseases in human populations, inbreeding can have notable impacts. This increase in homozygosity means that rare recessive diseases, which require two copies of the detrimental allele to manifest, will appear more frequently in inbreeding populations. Because these individuals are more likely to carry the same harmful recessive alleles, the probability of offspring inheriting these diseases increases substantially.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe what happens to allele frequencies as a result of the bottleneck effect. Discuss the relevance of this effect with regard to species that are approaching extinction.

In a population, the frequencies of two alleles are \(B=0.67\) and \(b=\) \(0.33\). The genotype frequencies are \(B B=0.50, B b=0.37\), and \(b b=\) \(0.13\). Do these numbers suggest inbreeding? Explain why or why not.

Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial and fungal infections. During the past several decades, however, antibioticresistant strains of microorganisms have become alarmingly prevalent. This has undermined the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating many types of infectious disease. Discuss how the following processes that alter allele frequencies may have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains: A. Random mutation B. Genetic drift C. Natural selection

Why is genetic drift more significant in small populations? Why does it take longer for genetic drift to cause allele fixation in large populations than in small ones?

For the term genetic drift, what is drifting? Why is this an appropriate term to describe this phenomenon?
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