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Chapter 27: Problem 14

Describe the similarities and differences among directional, balancing, disruptive, and stabilizing selection.

Short Answer

Expert verified
All four types of selection are mechanisms of evolution but focus on different aspects of phenotypes. Directional selection favors one extreme phenotype, disruptive selection favors both extremes, stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes, and balancing selection maintains genetic diversity.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Directional Selection

Directional selection is an evolutionary process in which one extreme phenotype is favored and becomes more common in a population. This could be because the said trait gives the organism certain advantages, such as survival or reproduction.
02

Understanding Balancing Selection

Balancing selection is a type of natural selection that allows for the maintenance of multiple alleles in a population in certain proportions. This maintains genetic diversity within populations as no single allele can get the upper hand.
03

Understanding Disruptive Selection

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range, causing species to diverge and potentially forming new species.
04

Understanding Stabilizing Selection

Stabilizing selection refers to a type of natural selection where the average phenotype within a population is favored, and phenotypic diversity decreases. This type of selection tends to remove the extremes and instead favors the more common, moderate traits.
05

Similarities and Differences among the Four Types

All four types of selection are mechanisms of evolution where certain traits become more common in a population over time. Directional selection favors one extreme phenotype, while disruptive selection favors both extremes. In contrast, stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes. Balancing selection, unlike the others, maintains variety in a population through balanced polymorphism.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Two populations of antelope are separated by a mountain range. The antelope are known to occasionally migrate from one population to the other. Migration can occur in either direction. Explain how migration affects the following phenomena: A. Genetic diversity in the two populations B. Allele frequencies in the two populations C. Genetic drift in the two populations

For a gene existing in two alleles, what are the allele frequencies when the heterozygote frequency is at its maximum value, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What if there are three alleles?

What is the intuitive meaning of the mean fitness of a population? How does its value change in response to natural selection?

What is genetic polymorphism? What is the source of genetic variation?

What is the gene pool? How is a gene pool described in a quantitative way?
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