/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 24 Describe three types of genetic ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 25: Problem 24

Describe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert a proto-oncogene to an oncogene. Explain how the genetic changes are expected to alter the activity of the gene product.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The three types of genetic changes that commonly convert a proto-oncogene to an oncogene include gene amplification that results in overproduction of the gene's protein product, point mutation that can increase the protein product鈥檚 activity level or make it active when it shouldn鈥檛 be, and chromosomal translocation that can result in a fusion gene with possible oncogenic properties or increased protein expression. All these genetic changes result in the promotion of uncontrolled cell growth.

Step by step solution

01

Identification of genetic changes

The three types of genetic changes that commonly convert a proto-oncogene to an oncogene are: 1. Gene Amplification, 2. Point mutation and 3. Chromosomal translocation.
02

Detailed explanation of each genetic change

1. Gene Amplification: An increase in the number of copies of the proto-oncogene can lead to overproduction of the proto-oncogene鈥檚 protein product, consequently increasing cell division and growth.\n2. Point mutation: Point mutations in the proto-oncogene or in its regulatory region can change the gene鈥檚 activity. For example, a mutation might increase the protein product鈥檚 activity level or make the protein active when it should not be.\n3. Chromosomal translocation: Translocations can result in a fusion of a proto-oncogene with another gene. The fusion protein product may have oncogenic properties. Alternatively, the translocation can result in increased expression of the proto-oncogene.
03

Correlation with the alteration in gene product

Each of these genetic changes leads to a shift in the functioning of the proto-oncogene product. Gene amplification results in an overproduction of the protein which in turn enhances cell growth and division. Point mutation can either increase the protein鈥檚 activity level or make the protein active when it should not be, both scenarios leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Chromosomal translocation resulting in a fusion gene leads to a new protein product with possible oncogenic properties, or it could lead to overexpression, both of which could fuel uncontrolled cell growth.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Achondroplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused by an autosomal dominant mutation that affects the gene that encodes a fibroblast growth factor receptor. Among 1,422,000 live births, the number of babies born with achondroplasia was 31. Among those 31 babies, 18 of them had one parent with achondroplasia. The remaining babies had two unaffected parents. How do you explain those 13 babies, assuming that the mutant allele has \(100 \%\) penetrance? What are the odds that these 13 individuals will pass this mutant gene to their offspring?

With regard to pedigree analysis, make a list of observations that distinguish recessive, dominant, and \(\mathrm{X}\)-linked patterns of inheritance.

Many genetic disorders exhibit locus heterogeneity. Define and give two examples of locus heterogeneity. How does locus heterogeneity confound a pedigree analysis?

We often speak of diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU) and achondroplasia as having a genetic basis. Explain whether the following statements are accurate with regard to the genetic basis of any human disease (not just PKU and achondroplasia). A. An individual must inherit two copies of a mutant allele to have disease symptoms. B. A genetic predisposition means that an individual has inherited one or more alleles that make it more likely that she or he will develop disease symptoms than other individuals in a population will. C. A genetic predisposition to develop a disease may be passed from parents to offspring. D. The genetic basis for a disease is always more important than the environment.

Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulation of substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomes of individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulation of lipids. The defective enzyme is \(\alpha\)-galactosidase \(\mathrm{A}\), which is a lysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The defect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart, and eyes. The gene that encodes \(\alpha\)-galactosidase \(A\) is found on the \(X\) chromosome. Let's suppose a phenotypically unaffected couple produces two sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypically unaffected daughter. What is the probability that the daughter will have an affected son?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Biology Experiments

Read Explanation

Control of Gene Expression

Read Explanation

Microbiology

Read Explanation

Heredity

Read Explanation

Biological Organisms

Read Explanation

Cell Communication

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.